A Warm Welcoming To You To Informative Lecture On How Hydroponics Work For Greenhouse.
so this is a kind of a brief
introduction to hydroponics hydroponics
is the cultivation of plants in a liquid
nutrient solution rather in soil or even
saw less growing system is growing in a
liquid nutrient system hydroponics comes
from the word hydros for water and
products panos for labor now you can go
back into history and there's some
debate on whether or not all this was
considered hydroponics or not but when
you can you can find water gardening
practices hanging gardens of babylon
were all water gardens even to the
Colombian abstracts of Mexico they were
farming in water now neither one of them
are actually using a nutrient cultures
is not typically not really by the hard
definition hydroponics but they were
doing a water culture so we're looking
with a mineral nutrition system of
growing plants you know growing aquatic
plants is not hydroponics is growing hot
aquatic plants and I actually hanging
gardens of babylon was more like we're
looking at a rooftop gardens and there's
going to be a course i believe the
course will be taught this fall and
rooftop gardens and rooftop farming by
dr. Jennifer bussola who is currently
teaching a horde 5454 so that's
something is you're interested in the
bin experimental course coming soon and
rooftop gardening she did her PhD work
and rooftop gardens and her experimental
plots with the EPA building in downtown
Denver
so hydroponics really was first put
together by a british physician named
John Woodward that's the first
documented efforts of really true
scientific hydroponics and it wasn't
until the eighteen hundreds that we
started using more nutrient solutions
the word hydroponics really wasn't used
too much until we had william frederick
cherokee from UC Berkeley now
gehrke was one of those academics that
trip decided that he was going to keep
all the secrets himself and ever
published in this information therefore
he lost tenure over the word hydroponics
because he kept things to private but
events O'Gara key was actually the
founder of the word hydroponics and he
defined it as a growth in a mineral
nutrition nutrient solution no solid
media and so we had water nutrients and
roots you'll hear the word hydroponics
referred to sand culture organic
rockwool culture just anything like that
is not truly hydroponics hydroponics by
the true definition is only water and
nutrients
ok you're going to hear hydroponics use
a lot of different ways
as it to researchers from UC Berkeley
Hoagland are non and today we always
talk about Hoagland solution most of our
nutrient solutions are based upon
Hoagland arms research from the late
nineteen thirties so whenever you look
at research article on growing plants
and nutrient culture you'll say we're
using a Hoagland solution
well was created by these two guys in
1938 so the advances in hydroponic
system anybody been to apricot in
orlando ok they've had a hydroponic or a
greenhouse type of a system on display
since the early nineteen eighties ever
since eight night at ever since epcot
was built in the land pavilion are the
land pavilion offers if anybody's
looking for really cool internship
cleanse million provide six-month
internships working there
ok how we currently have an intern there
Thomas exceeds their on a
post-graduation internship but I've had
15 students working there over them over
my career and less fry the internship
coordinator is a CSU graduate you guys
have an inside edge
ok alright so they're demonstrating a
lot of different hydroponic techniques
even aeroponics and and different kinds
of culture there
hydroponics is also being research by
NASA this work is being done at Cape
Canaveral of they're actually they're
hydroponic system is inside a bear an
old Kennedy and Mercury r here a
hyperbaric chamber so they're looking at
control in ecological life-support
system where the lunar soil is culture
and that workers likes it is being done
at Cape Canaveral and and also there's
some mirrored work and hydroponics
research at the University of Arizona in
Tucson
the folks at Tucson are also working
with hydroponic production down at South
Pole research station so hydroponics has
been around for a while uh hydroponics
was probably first really developed for
hydroponic vegetable production by an
american airlines and during the early
days of overseas flight planes had to
stop and refuel and gather food and
produce and there was a major hydroponic
operation wake island in the Pacific
Ocean where they grew vegetables
there's no soil there just a volcanic
rock in the middle of the middle Pacific
Ocean and they were using that to grow
vegetables for their international
transport and in fact one of the islands
that was that they flew over when they
show pictures of raiders of the lost ark
there
Indiana Jones flying over actually
included wake island
I have lots of silly facts i'm sorry i'm
sorry to bring in Indiana Jones into a
greenhouse crop there are two basic
kinds of hydroponic production that will
talk about the industry there's the
solution culture which is the true
hydroponics and there's hydroponic which
is a medium or some kind of a structural
base the lettuce that's up here in the
top right-hand corner
this is a trough little rain gutter type
arrangement and nutrient or float or
full of flooded down the trough and
that's called nft or nutrient film
technique or trough culture
this is true hydroponics because there's
no soil down here in the left lower
left-hand picture this is medium culture
and actually these are tomatoes that are
being grown on a rock either a rock wall
or course lab and but this is still
called hydroponics by the industry
I see people looking like they're
getting cold
see if that warms up and they are
conditioning on you know that they're
going to finalize the air-conditioning
in Shepherdson this spring starting the
week after spring break and all the
faculty have to vacate their offices for
a week about storage yet for your big
office i have no idea what I'm going to
do there are others that have more of a
panic than I yes
so what's keeping that lettuce from
falling into what's keeping the letters
from falling into the container
ok what they'll do there's a little this
a little plastic snap together lid
it's got a small hole cut in it and
they'll start to let us in a rock wall
cube and then the roots just kinda angle
in there so it's held together if you're
to go to the grocery store and buy
locally grown big lettuce
okay it's probably coming from circle
fresh farms and they're one of the local
hydroponics growers in the state
probably next year we'll get to tour
their facility but they're actually
selling their they're going to be
selling one of the freshest way to sell
hydroponic lettuce sell it with the
roots because it stays the freshest in
the clamshell but what's holding it in
there it right now it started out as a
little small foam cube that's wedged in
the hole and eventually just supports
itself
so it does have a little bit of humans I
just it started out with a little bit of
foam yeah so solution culture doesn't
use a solid medium for the roots just
the nutrient solutions you have to
provide some kind of support remember
the four things you had to have support
water nutrients and air three types of
main types of solution color culture are
static culture continuous flow or
aeroponics so in a static system where
the nutrient solution is not
recirculated we have to provide air so i
put air stones or tubes with bubblers or
something like that
the nutrient film system is where we're
pumping out of a reservoir into a trough
and recirculating the system aeroponics
is we're actually spraying the roots
with the nutrient system and hanging in
the air
and an ebb and flood system heaven flood
will talk about Evan flood irrigation
the next section where we flood the new
to the the root zone and then we drop it
out and so giving it an episodic pulses
of water and then an episodic pulses
then letting it dry out have the air
static culture plants are growing in
solution buckets and tubs typical to
aerate it a lot of times this is a
what's called raft culture wrap cultures
where you have a big vat of nutrient
solution and you just float some
styrofoam a sheet of styrofoam
insulation or something like that with
holes cut in it put the plants in there
and you're just floating on the raft and
that's what most lettuce is done this is
the nft system you're asking about how
that lettuce is held in there
nft you can see the little cubes to
holds the starter plant in and
eventually the roots grow into the
nutrient film solution
nft where you just are constantly
circling cross their roots the airponics
where you're spraying and missing the
roots of stole all kinds of pictures for
this one this is an aeroponic system
that's at epcot where they're doing
spinach on the sauna on site of bored
I've got misters inside and a ball and a
tank underneath this I like this
particular system because it doesn't
take up a whole lot of space most tomato
hydroponic production is into the rock
wall course labs or gravel culture you
can see that we're supporting a pretty
significantly tall crop in here the slab
culture where we we actually start the
seedlings in these cubes and then we put
the cube on the slab and it's all pinned
together with a basket steak with the
irrigation meter question so for this is
like that will that we capture water be
simulated very well as a straight least
okay well that week will this system
recapture the water that's recirculated
you can do it both ways most growers try
to capture the water and recirculate it
and we talked about water irrigation
will talk about recirculated water there
are some challenges with recirculated
water one you have to think about your
nutrient balance to maintain a good
nutrient balance all the time
are you freezing back there
what can you think would be some
challenges with a capture that water
neutral balance is one what about salt
accumulation and could be you go back to
essential reservoir i'm assuming that
your gate the whole greenhouse right one
set of plants gets a disease you just
spread it to the rest of the greenhouse
so one of the challenges is disinfecting
and cleaning up that water now if your
water is pretty cheap fertilizers pretty
cheap in reality
ok compared to fuel and labor and other
things what salata course just pump it
out
I'm heard stories of some operations
discharging 30,000 gallons of water day
now have water is full of nitrate now
you're moving by remediation greenhouse
really exactly you have to have some
kind of bioremediation recycling is the
way though so here's a picture of a pile
of rock wool that's being put into slabs
most people by their slabs ready made
them and hydroponic crops include
peppers tomatoes
let us cucumbers
gerber daisies cut flowers how the
equipment is required for hydroponic
production you have to have some kind of
nutrients salute
these are nutrient bats that are pumped
into a greenhouse system these nutrient
bath support a 40-acre greenhouse you
have to have course it's like I said
it's a 40-degree also the technology is
fairly sophisticated filters and this
particular operation does capture and
recycle or operate their water
distribution pumps fertilizer mixing
water storage lot of greenhouses don't
have the capacity to to water straight
out of a well though there to pump all
the time and store the water on-site
this particular operation also captures
and stores recycles their water
filtration if you're recapture you bring
it back you have to filter the water
this is a system that's used to UV
sterilization uses UVC radiation to
sterilize that reach recycle water to
make sure all the microorganisms have
been killed another thing about
hydroponic vegetable production
especially crops like tomatoes and
cucumbers they have to be pollinated by
insect you can hand pollinate it
yourself but insects like the bumblebees
to a much much more efficient and the
labors much cheaper they don't have
workman's compensation claims we use in
patients bombas mamasan patients excuse
me is the species of bumblebee will use
we do not use any bees in greenhouses
for tomato production people for a
couple reasons number one honey bees are
more gregarious and more territorial
than bumblebees they're more aggressive
and they forage much more widely than a
bumble bee honey bees forage a mile 23
miles
we're bumblebees are lazy and they'll
stay right where the food sources so
each of these bumble bee hives is each
box is a hive it's a commercially
productive five it's got its own Queen
it's got its own drones got his own food
source they have a an artificial nectar
that they manufacture they put in there
and the growers call it be happy i also
the growers will go periodically go out
and collect her pollen and give the bees
a little bit of a treat question you
have any lingering analysis or
operations that you join vegetable
problems and bring the knee joint
greenhouse crops where they do job honey
production and vegetable production know
because honey bees just do not stay in
the greenhouse honeybees are much more
gregarious they forge much for what
and there's not enough food for
honeybees in greenhouse they just not
enough food because we have to
supplement their diet even in these
boxes the with the bumblebees and the
thing about bumblebees is people can go
in their work fairly closely without
risk of being stung
I'm happy going in and out of greenhouse
tomato operations for most of my career
I've been stuck three times now i know
that i'm not a worker and probably not
all the time if you have bees you also
have to maintain some kind of medical
records of your employees in case
they're allergic to bee stings you have
to maintain epinephrine and all that
kind of stuff four reactors anaphylactic
shock
yes BB stand up his honey they boot so I
hive is bought by the hive commercially
comes in with his own Queen and these
hives are set up with doorways that so
if you want to trap your bees inside
like you to a pesticide application or
something like that
you can set the door so they can go in
but can't come out or they can't come
out at all
most screen houses that use bumble bees
for pollination he's virtually no
pesticides because bumblebees are very
sensitive to pesticides
so if you're buying a greenhouse
vegetable at the grocery store
it's more than likely it was grown
pesticide-free so i will buy a
greenhouse vegetable growing a green
house green house green vegetable for I
grow up I organic vegetable because i
know that they're pesticide-free
tomatoes are harvested based upon the
distance to market in other words if
we're going in colorado or shipping to
New York we're going to harvest a dif
different brightness that we're gonna
harvest for shipping it to denver so
most everything is harvested at least
what's called a breaker stage first
blush deep to make
the tomato that's on the far left has
not hit the breaker stage if this green
tomato is harvested it will never pass
that level of rightness you have to wait
till it starts to ripen the middle to
where it gets the breaker stage now for
instance the one in the middle might be
shipped a thousand miles where the one
on the far right
they only be shipped 50 miles
alternative country with ethylene i have
tomatoes are not typically treated with
ethylene ethylene gases the ripening gas
tomatoes are not tomatoes are in the
grow in the pack house or in the produce
warehouses are stored with the ethylene
equipment because that temperature is at
50 degrees tomatoes should not be stored
lower than 50 degrees Fahrenheit
tomatoes not belong in your refrigerator
ok here's a fun way to Wow and impress
your friends go get a really ripe tomato
store for about four weeks in the
refrigerator
do you know what's going to happen after
about four weeks the hormones in the
tomato will go away under those
temperature conditions then the hormones
that block seed germination and the seed
will start to germinate inside the fruit
you cut open it looks like all the seeds
started German it looks like little
worms but it's just see it's just it's
just the radical tastes pretty bitter
and nasty but it really weirds out your
friends so here's an opportunity a
really horrid geek
it's called the pari slippery so it's
fun like i said wow when weird your
friends so
final product um you know most the
divine ripened tomatoes are pretty
popular i personally my favorite in
flavor you can also get different kinds
of packs a lot of people growing flowers
in hydroponics i thought i would show a
couple of slides of some commercially
designed hydroponic systems that you
could buy at the hobby stores or buy
online or something like that but
frankly most everything i'm going to
show you can build with materials
yourself at home depot
so here's some lettuce growing in some
hydroponic systems i got my slides big
step
so this is one commercially prepared
hydroponic system the nutrients storage
tanks her in these khakis like tan
buckets and just recirculated through a
series of pumps
I can't remember the brand name of this
one
but i love them grow strong healthy
roots all of them I wouldn't look at all
several different ones at the garden
home show everybody grows one that's
better than the others can you do
anything with the roots of any plans can
you do anything with the roots of any
plant species out there and they're very
easily harvest of all words and soil
I can't think of any crop that I don't
eat that it's got the nutrient solution
going through it all the time
did you just use it for many other soil
within that you can compost it yes you
can certainly compost that a lot of
growers will compost it one of the
issues with the these systems to get
really tall especially if its twenty or
thirty feet you got all the plastic
clips is getting the string in the
chords and stuff out for the composting
process of getting rid of the job and
some companies would rather pay a
tipping fee and send it to the landfill
and spend the labor to get the clips and
stuff out but it's all compost to pull
us all
result cost this is basil basil is one
of my favorite crops grow in hydroponics
goes very well in hydroponics ok here's
a picture of one of these we have the
nutrient reservoir the bottom it's got a
little air pump and circulated through
this these ceramic pebbles
you can stack them you can do just buddy
when it comes to hydroponics systems the
limitation is your own imagination of
course these are all patented systems
this is it air flow system
this is a traditional greenhouse tomato
operation onslaught on this is up you
can see by the student workers reach how
tall the plants are a lot of operations
will use lifts and and ladders to get
the employees up and this worker is
actually working as a que accord to
support the plants are rockwell culture
that's the core coconut fiber bumblebees
again there's two companies to major
companies in the world that supply
bumblebees and supply of predatory
insects for biological control one is
covert ok oper t and the other one is
bio best those are the two primary
companies in the world that supply these
products and is ready to harvest here's
a grating line all this is what is
graded by hand impact
strawberries grow very well in
hydroponics greenhouse production
however strawberries like tomatoes have
to have some kind of pollination if the
strawberries not pollinated evenly will
provide misshapen fruit and if you want
to know more about strawberries who do
you ask dr. Hughes yes this oscillation
I hero with the bees
I mean I've heard a bunch about having
problems with bees disappearing and
whatnot do you ever run into that
problem with green peas disappearing
yeah due to pesticide user Iris since
whatever I'm you're referring to be
calling your client
yeah okay commercially prepared sold
bumble bee hives are not as subject to
calling a decline as the honeybees are
there's a lot of theory is going on
about College decline and there are
certainly people on in our College know
much more about that than I do and that
would be mad camper & whitney cranshaw
ok so Holly decline colony decline is
related to a lot of different things
number one automatically print or
neonicotinoid pesticides is extremely
devastating to any B's including
bumblebees neonicotinoid pesticides
unfortunately neonicotinoid pesticides
are extremely mammalian safe but
extremely deadly to most insect life
which is why we use them
dr. Cranston i did a research project Oh
15 years ago when marathon or the first
American products came out we put it in
a greenhouse full bumblebees and the
bumblebee colonies and all we did was
put in the soil and translocated up to
the system got into the pollen and the
colonies are dead in two weeks so Nick
tonight pests and of course if you were
to Google
neonicotinoid pesticides honey-b & Tilia
cordata you'll find an incident last
spring where company went into a parking
lot treated some trees with the new
Knick tonight pesticide during full
bloom of these tilia plans to know if
you ever smelled a little little leave
the leaf London bloom is very pungent
very sweet very fragrant and of course
they attract bees within days or just
dead bees everywhere
that's one thing and that's the default
default there is a misappropriation of a
pesticide at the wrong time you don't
apply pesticide during full bloom
because you're gonna kill bees
neonicotinoid pesticides are good tools
when used correctly that's one aspect of
Kali decline there's a share shower on
might there's some there's a mites
there's some viruses is all different
kinds of things that are impacting bees
the more people that had more backyard
be producers we have the better because
we have more Orbeez in our environment
I've got a very close friend years to
mark coleman is a beekeeper his backyard
friend of ours
I live about a mile and a half from them
and we've actually mark there were there
because come into my yard some around
koski who works at perk she's a
beekeeper of northern call the northern
colorado Beekeepers Association very
active so if your incident bees you want
no more of the facts you really should
talk to dr. Crenshaw and that camper
yeah these were it
engine whose bees red-tagged adventure
i'm going to take a wild guess here
around akan skis and that's just a wild
but probably safe guess they may have
people out there doing their own bees
anyway we've had these at perk i have
discouraged it because and memories that
discouraged it is for public safety too
many people i don't know everybody's a
tolerance to be sings and I'm a little
bit of a paranoid guy when it comes to
health and safety of my students
even hobby greenhouse this is a product
called the aerogarden so by a company in
boulder little tabletop thing it really
works sold on late-night TV along with
chia pets
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