An incandescent typically costs about 1 dollar, a CFL typically costs about 4 dollars and an LED typically costs about 10 dollars.
An incandescent takes 100 watts, a CFL takes 20 watts and an LED takes 10 watts.
An incandescent last 750 hours, a CFL lasts 8,000 hours and an LED last 25,000 hours.
Assuming that electricity cost 30 cents per kilo watt hour, an incandescent cost 3 cents per hour,
a CFL costs 0.6 cents per hour and an LED costs 0.3 cents per hour.
In bulb ware and tare, based on the cost and lifetime of the bulb,
an incandescent cost 0.13 cents per hour, a CFL costs 0.05 cents per hour and an LED costs 0.04 cents per hour.
So in total, including both the power cost and the cost of the bulb,
an incandescent costs 3.13 cents per hour, a CFL costs 0.65 cents per hour and an LED costs 0.34 cents per hour.
With an incandescent 95.74% of the cost is the power and 4.26% is the bulb,
with CFL 92.31% is the power and 7.69% is the bulb, and with LED 88.24% is the power and 11.76% is the bulb.
To leave an incandescent on for 24 hours costs 75 cents,
to leave a CFL on for 24 hours costs 16 cents and to leave an LED on for 24 hours costs 8 cents.
An incandescent costs $31.33 per 1000 hours, a CFL cost $6.50 per 1000 hours, and an LED costs $3.40 per 1000 hours.
By upgrading 1 incandescent to a CFL you will save 192 dollars over the lifetime of the $4 bulb.
By upgrading an incandescent to an LED you save 675 dollars over the lifetime of the $10 bulb, and by upgrading a CFL to an LED you save 75 dollars over the lifetime of the $10 bulb.
To use up an existing incandescent bulb it will cost 22 dollars and 50 cents worth of power which is more than twice as much as just replacing it with an LED strait away.
Therefor if you still have incandescent bulbs that you use regularly it is not worth trying to use them up.
If you have an incandescent that you use for 1 hour per day, by replacing it with an LED you make back the cost of the $10 LED after just one year since an incandescent cost 3 cents per hour to run and 3 cents times 365 days is about 10 dollars.
If you have an incandescent that you use for half an hour per day then by replacing it with an LED you will make back the cost in 2 years.
With incandescent you should turn it off immediately when not in use.
Although turning an incandescent on and off will significantly shorten its lifetime,
incandescent lightbulbs take a huge amount of power and don't cost much.
Therefore power consumption is of much greater concern than the cost of the bulb.
Also when the bulbs fail you can replace them with LED, saving power in the long run.
With CFL you should turn it off when not in use for more than 15 minutes because CFL costs significantly more than incandescent and also takes significantly less power,
meaning that the bulb cost is more of a concern and the power consumption is less of a concern.
Also CFL starts off dim when you switch it on and takes a few minutes to reach full brightness,
unlike incandescent and LED which are instantly at full brightness as soon as you switch them on.
With LED you should turn it off immediately when not in use because LED is unaffected by how many times you turn it on and off.
Here is a CRI chart comparing natural daylight, incandescent, CFL and LED.
CRI stands for color rendering index and is a measure of how accurate colors look when viewed under the light source.
This is not to be confused with color temperature which is how warm the light looks.
Natural daylight has a smooth distribution of colors with it peaking around the cyan part of the color spectrum and has a CRI of 100.
Incandescent also has a smooth distribution of colors with it gradually increasing towards the warm colors and decreasing towards the cold colors and has a CRI of 99.
CFL is mainly just one big spike of green and one big spike of orange with not much else and has a CRI of 70.
LED has a large peak of blue and then a medium but smooth peak of green that gradually declines towards the warm colors, there is a drop at cyan, LED has a CRI of 90.
So in terms of color accuracy, natural daylight is the best, then incandescent, then LED, and CFL is the worst.
An incandescent weighs 33 grams, a CFL weighs 72 grams and an LED weighs 135 grams.
In the lifetime of 1 LED bulb, you would get through 3 CFL bulbs, or 30 incandescent bulbs.
The advantages of incandescent are the fact that they have the lowest capital cost,
they also have the highest CRI,
they can also withstand high temperatures which makes them suitable for oven lighting,
they are also dimmable, mercury free, make no humming noise, reach full brightness as soon as you switch them on, don't explode, don't flicker and emit no UV radiation.
The disadvantages of incandescent are the fact that they have the highest power consumption and the shortest lifetime,
it is also bad to turn them on and off,
they also get so hot that they burn you if you touch them and they smash if you drop them because they are made of glass.
The advantages of CFL are that they have a lower power consumption and a longer lifetime than incandescent,
they also have a lower capital cost than LED, and they don't get hot enough to burn you.
The disadvantages of CFL are the fact that they have a higher power consumption and shorter lifetime than LED,
it is bad to turn them on and off, they have a higher capital cost than incandescent, they have the lowest CRI, can't withstand high temperatures, are not dimmable,
they also contain a small amount of mercury which is toxic, they also smash if you drop them and sometimes explode when they fail,
they also start off dim when you turn them on and take a few minutes to reach full brightness, they also make a humming noise that sounds like this.
[Humming Noise]
Although it is not loud enough to here normally,
if you listen carefully in a very quiet room you can just about here it.
They can also sometimes flicker which can be annoying and they can also emit harmful UV radiation.
The advantages of LED are the fact that they have the lowest power consumption and longest lifetime,
it is fine to turn them on and off as many times as you want,
they have a higher CRI than CFL,
they also are dimmable, mercury free, make no humming noise, reach full brightness as soon as you switch them on, don't explode, don't flicker, don't emit UV radiation,
don't get hot enough to burn you and they don't smash if you drop them because they are made of plastic.
The disadvantages of LED are the fact that they have the highest capital cost, however they do still work out cheaper because of the low power consumption and long lifetime,
they also have a lower CRI than incandescent and they can't withstand high temperatures which makes them unsuitable for oven lights, however this is not a problem for room lights because they can still withstand up to about 100 degrees C.
So in conclusion, LED is the best for general room lighting.
Incandescent is good for some specialized use cases, such as for oven lighting where it needs to be able to withstand the high temperature,
situations where high CRI is important such as restaurants because it makes the food look more appealing and art galleries because it shows the art in it's true color,
and for places where you actually want the heat such as for keeping food warm or for a lava lamp.
[Walk Home - Solar]
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