The first paragraph of US patent 6469 reveals nothing that would give the
reader any thought to the future greatness of the inventor the patent is
for an improvement to help boats pass over sandbars by adding adjustable
buoyant air chambers to the bottom of the boat though uncomplicated and rather
simplified the patent seems like it was written by a ship merchant or an
engineer not a lawyer and politician who would become the president of the United
States on March 10th 18-49 12 years before he was elected u.s.
commander-in-chief Abraham Lincoln submitted this patent which he called
boying vessels over shoals with the design and idea for the invention having
its roots in his voyages as a young man along the Mississippi River he's the
only u.s. president to ever submit a patent in 1828 at the age of 19
Lincoln was offered a job by a wealthy Indiana landowner James Gentry to help
take a flat boat full of produce and cured meat along the Mississippi the New
Orleans at $8 a month a little under $200 today it certainly wasn't a high
paying job but it did give the teen a chance for an adventure
prior to his trip he had spent his entire life on farms and homesteads in
Kentucky Illinois and Indiana knowing nothing of life beyond those borders
Gentry offered him the job simply due to happenstance
he owned a store of which the Lincoln family were patrons knowing that Abe was
close to the same age as his own son Allen who was to captain the boat and
capable of the tasks needed to be done Gentry asked Abe while very
unfortunately neither Gentry nor Lincoln took notes or kept a diary during the
trip there are a few known events that happened during the voyage for one the
small flat boat had a real problem with sandbars when in shallow waters and
weighed down by its cargo the ship often got stuck
which meant cargo to be unloaded to make it lighter and
the craft pushed out and then reloaded this was a tedious hard time sucking and
a potentially dangerous task another thing that's known is that the
ship was attacked near Baton Rouge by a group that could be best described as
river pirates looking for cargo and money the ship was nearly overtaken by
this group of men who had the intent of robbing and perhaps killing Lincoln and
his companion if need be gentry and Lincoln were able to fight them off long
enough to cut anchor and barely escaped the last specific detail known from this
trip is the stuff of legend years later Allan gentry would continue
telling this story stating that Lincoln's future as the great
Emancipator was sown on the trip south according to Gentry upon landing in New
Orleans Lincoln saw the notorious slave markets of the city and was disgusted
supposedly he said to Gentry at the time Allen this is a disgrace if I ever get a
look at this thing I'll hit it hard whether he actually said those specific
words as Gentry claimed 35 years later he did exactly that issuing the
Emancipation Proclamation which freed slaves from all southern territories
three years later in 1831 Lincoln journeyed along the Mississippi again
while experiencing many of the same things he did the first time in fact it
seems the issue with sandbars became even more pronounced with written
records stating that Lincoln and his crew lost time and cargo dealing with
the matter of the ship being stuck on a sandbar there's a prophetic story from
even before leaving Illinois in 1831 with the ship getting stuck along the
Sangamon River on a dam and taking on water
Lincoln rushed to the nearby Cooper shop a place where wooden barrels and casks
were made got an auger drilled a hole in the side of the ship and proceeded to
let the water run out then he pushed the ship by himself off the dam a year later
when running for the Illinois General Assembly from Sangamon County one of his
key platform points was improving the navigation of the river to bring more
trade to the county Ted Lincoln in 1830 to speech I believe the improvement of
the Sangamon River to be vastly important and highly desirable to the
people of this County while he was defeated in his 1832 run for political
office Lincoln was ultimately successful two
years later when he was elected to the Illinois General Assembly while he
didn't achieve much in regards to improving the navigation of the river
while in the General Assembly this issue still nagged him after two years there
he moved on to the Illinois House of Representative and then into the US
Capitol as a congressman in 1847 constantly traveling the Sangamon River
and often getting stuck this finally pushed him to do something about it
working on the patent in between congressional sessions he finally
completed and submitted it days after finishing out his term as congressman
submitted on March 10th 18-49 it revealed his interest in knowledge in
better water transportation as a lawyer he understood the pigments allowed for
certain protections in terms of intellectual property in fact ten years
later he delivered a speech in which he championed patents by saying they are
the fuel of interest to the fire of genius in the discovery and production
of new and useful things he also understood that at the time
patents needed to be accompanied by a model working with a Springfield
mechanic he whittled a model of a ship with his Boyne device said his law
partner at the time occasionally he would bring the model in the office and
while whittling on it would discount on its merits and the revolution it was
destined to work in steamboat navigation although I regarded the thing as
impracticable I said nothing probably out of respect for Lincoln's well-known
reputation as a boatman today that model and patent application is of the
National Museum of American history but there's some dispute over exactly what
the museum has in its collection while a curator told Smithsonian magazine in
2006 that the model is one of the half-dozen also most valuable things in
our collection it is possible that what they have is in fact a replica the
nameplate on top of the model reads Abraham Lincoln a misspelling that has
led some to believe that it's a fake because Lincoln would have never
misspelled his own name it is also possible that the plate was added after
Lincoln submitted it but that may never be known
while his signature could be on the model it is buried underneath
centuries-old varnish as for the patent itself there's little doubt that this is
authentic and in the handwriting of Lincoln but there's one crucial part
missing his signature which was likely cut out and taken by a collector who had
access to the patent in the 19th century
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