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Wolverine vs Sabretooth & Gambit | X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) Movie Clip - Duration: 2:59.
Two years I rotted in that hellhole and I ain't never going back.
Shiny.
Tell me something, Jimmy.
Do you even know how to kill me?
I'm gonna cut your goddamned head off.
See if that works.
You're getting slow, old man.
You son of a bitch.
You're gonna die for what you did to her.
Victor!
Well, that's a nice stick.
Okay, shithead, here's the deal.
See, you're gonna take me to this island, where I can kill Creed, Stryker
and pretty much everyone you hate in this world. Do you understand?
You're really gonna kill them?
As long as you stay out of my way, yeah.
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Weapon XI vs. Wolverine,Fight Scene | X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) Movie Clip - Duration: 2:59.
Come on. Come on!
Okay.
Perfect.
- Kayla, get these kids out of here. -Logan...
Find another way out.
Okay. Let's go.
Wade, is that you?
Guess Stryker finally figured out how to shut you up.
Now...
Wade?
You don't have to do this.
All right, maybe you do.
You're shitting me.
Shoot on sight!
- I can help! Point me at them! -Go.
Go! Now!
- Did I get them? -Yeah.
- Let's go. -I can't go.
- Kayla, come on! -I have to stay here.
You take them.
Go! Go!
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Homescapes Level 129
Homescapes how to complete level 129
Homescapes beat level 129
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B777 21 Great landings in gusty winds, KLM, Emirates, Qatar, Korean, United, Etihad, Turkish - Duration: 16:04.
01 B777 KLM PH-BQN on flight KL592 from Johannesburg to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
02 B777 KLM PH-BVN on flight KL702 from Buenos Aires to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
03 B777 Emirates Skycargo A6-EFH on flight EK9989 from Dubai (DWC) to Amsterdam 13-09-2017
04 B777 KLM PH-BQH on flight #KL598 from Cape Town to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
05 B767 British Airways G-BNWA on flight BA428 London to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
06 B777 KLM PH-BQA on flight KL792 from Sao Paulo to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
07 B777 United Airlines N78001 on flight UA20 from Houston to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
08 B777 KLM PH-BQE on flight KL622 from Atlanta to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
09 B777 Turkish Airlines TC-JJI on flight TK1951 from Istanbul to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
10 B777 Etihad Cargo A6-DDB on flight #EY927 from Abu Dhabi to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
11 B777 KLM PH-BQO on flight KL758 from Panama City to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
12 B777 Emirates SkyCargo A6-EFS on flight EK9918 from Aguadilla to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
13 B777 KLM PH-BQF on flight KL622 from Atlanta to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
14 B777 Qatar Airways A7-BAT on flight QR273 from Doha to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
15 B777 KLM PH-BVB on flight KL862 from Tokyo to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
16 B777 Air China Cargo B2093 on flight CA1039 from Shanghai to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
17 B777 KLM PH-BQG on flight KL868 from Osaka to Amsterdam 13-9-2017.
18 B777 China Cargo B-2082 on flight CK205 from Shanghai to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
19 B777 LAN Cargo N776LA on flight UC1507 from Miami to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
20 B777 Emirates SkyCargo A6-EFN on flight EK9961 from Dubai (DWC) to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
2) B777 KLM#P-HBVC on flight KL744 from Lima to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
22 B777 Korean Air Cargo HL8252 on flight KE509 Seoul to Amsterdam 13-09-2017.
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(#12) A Talk About Chocolate - Improve Your English - チョコについての英語話 - Duration: 15:02.
Hi.
Good morning everybody.
Thanks for coming.
Before we start today don't forget that if you go to my home page,
stevenaskew.com,
the link's in the description below,
you can download the script for this talk, an MP3 of the audio
and some listening questions and sample answers for all of them.
Give it a go.
See how you do.
OK.
Today I want to talk to you about chocolate.
Who likes chocolate?
Everyone that likes chocolate raise your hands.
I love chocolate.
Where does chocolate come from?
Well, first, where does the word chocolate come from, the etymology of chocolate.
Chocolate, the word in English, comes originally from the Spanish language.
In about sixteen hundred it came into English.
But how did it come into the Spanish language?
Well, of course, it came from South America.
It came into Spanish from the Aztec people.
The Aztecs used to call chocolate chicolati.
Not sure if that's the right pronunciation.
It's probably not.
Chicolati means beaten drink, and the word chicoli refers to a stick,
a specially carved and shaped stick
that was almost like a wooden whisk, and this whisk was used for beating
the chocolate drink.
So, beaten drink, chicoli, became chicolati which became chocolate,
which is what we have today.
OK.
So, how do you get chocolate?
Well, chocolate, of course, grows on a tree, the same as coffee does.
It starts in a pod. You take the pod off and you open up the pod and it's full of beans.
Now, these beans originally are too bitter.
You have to leave them to ferment for a few days, two or three days.
When they ferment, they release their own sugars and they become a little less bitter.
They don't become sweet they just become a little bit less bitter.
Then you take these cacao beans and you spread them out and you dry them in the sun
and then you roast them.
Roasting is the same as with coffee; it releases some of the hidden flavors.
After you've roasted them you then have to husk them.
The husk is the outer part of the bean.
You take the husk off and you're left with what's called the nib, the cacao nib.
Then you grind down these nibs.
Well, in modern days we use machines, of course, but in ancient times they used to use
a pestle and mortar and they'd grind down the beans.
And then you melt the powder, you heat it over a fire, you melt down the powder and
you get liquid cacao, which you can then drink.
Now, of course, if you have ever tried pure cacao, it's extremely bitter.
So, when the people used to drink liquid cacao, they would mix it with either
honey or chilli or vanilla.
I've tried honey and vanilla but I've never ever tried a chilli hot chocolate.
It's probably quite nice, but I'm not sure that I want to try it.
Ok.
So, if cacao is so bitter, why do we drink it?
Well, coffee is pretty bitter, but we drink that because of the effects it has on our
brain and chocolate is exactly the same.
Chocolate has many chemicals inside it and when you eat chocolate these chemicals are
released into your body.
Now three of these, let me see if I can pronounce these right.
The first one is phenylethylamine.
The second one is serotonin and the third one is anandamide.
Now, what these three chemicals do, well, the first one is called "the love" chemical.
It releases chemicals in your brain that are very similar to the chemicals they release
when you fall in love with somebody.
So, when you eat chocolate you're basically falling in love.
And these three chemicals they release dopamine and they release endorphins in your brains.
These are the pleasure chemicals.
So, when you eat chocolate, these pleasure chemicals are released in your brain and you
feel pretty good.
Now, you could say that chocolate is a drug.
Some people do get addicted to chocolate but, these days, because there is so much sugar
in the chocolate they're not really becoming addicted to the cacao itself, but the chocolate.
OK.
So, we talked about the etymology of chocolate.
Where does chocolate itself come from?
Well, in South America, well, what is now Mexico, there were a group of people called
the Mokaya people and archeological digs have found cups and bowls and plates from about
1900 B.C. which is almost four thousand years ago that have traces of cacao on them.
So, people have been drinking cacao for almost four thousand years.
It could go back even beyond that, we don't know but, the earliest traces of cacao we
have found are from nineteen hundred B.C.
So, the Mokaya people slowly got taken over and absorbed by different tribes, different
groups, and finally you get the Aztec Empire which was about 1300 to 1521ish.
Now, the Aztecs, they lived in higher areas of the Mexico ... well, what is now Mexico,
and of course cacao grows in the hotter lower places so, they couldn't grow cacao where
they lived so they had to import it.
Now, once you start importing a crop, any crop, of course, the price increases.
Now, cacao became a luxury drink.
People with money used to drink it and at one point cocoa beans were used as a currency.
One hundred cacao beans would buy you a turkey.
Three cacao beans would buy you an avocado.
So, these beans we used as a type of currency.
Then, of course, 1521.
Well, about 1521, what happens?
The Spanish come to Mexico, to South America, and that begins the destruction of
the Aztec Empire, of those peoples.
Two people that came from Spain, of course, Columbus, Christopher Columbus and Hernando Cortes,
and both of these people were very involved in the destruction of,
the westernisation of
the South American cultures, which ultimately led to their demise.
However, Columbus was the first European to bring cacao beans back to Europe.
He never actually tried them himself.
He captured a boat that had cacao beans on it and because they saw the cacao beans were
a luxury, they were interested in them and they took them back to Spain.
The first Spanish person to actually try chocolate, cacao, is probably Hernando Cortes.
He probably tried the drink first.
Anyway, the beans were brought back to Spain.
In the beginning, they were not that popular, but they slowly took on and became more popular,
and, of course, they were drunk as a drink.
From about 1528 in Spain through until 1650 in England, the drinking of cacao, chocolate,
slowly spread and you get the ... the growth of chocolate shops.
Of course, we have the coffee shop industry developing at the same time but now we also
have cacao shops, which are shops devoted to serving chocolate.
Now, as this starts to gain popularity, as it starts to take hold, of course, people
want to make money off this, they want to make cacao beans closer to home, they want
to make cacao beans that they can import more easily.
Of course, at that time, England is slowly colonizing the whole world.
One of the ... one of the parts of my history I'm not so proud of.
England is starting to colonize a lot of Africa.
Now, in Africa, you have access to a large amount of land, you have a very warm climate,
and, of course, you have slaves.
So, what they started to do is they started to grow cacao, chocolate, in Africa.
And these days, the largest chocolate producing countries are in Africa.
That's "thanks" to England, I suppose.
Anyway, so chocolate spreads across Europe.
It's still a drink.
From 1900 B.C. people have been drinking cacao.
People continue drinking chocolate up until a few innovations.
After the industrial revolution there are four people who are instrumental in bringing
the chocolate that we have today to us.
The first of these people is a Dutchman called Coenraad van Houten.
Now, he did two things.
The first thing he did, in 1815, he introduced alkaline salts to the chocolate.
What that does is, it reduces the acidity of the chocolate, it reduces the bitterness,
it makes chocolate a lot more palatable to us.
The second thing he did.
In 1828, he introduced, or he invented a press, a fat removal press.
If you can remove most of the fat from cacao beans, you can make it cheaper and you can
also make a more consistent product.
So, those are the two things he did.
You can buy Van Houten chocolate in most places around the world at the moment.
The second person is a man called Joseph Fry.
Fry's chocolate is huge in England, not so much in the rest of the world, but you can
buy it all across England.
Now, what he did is, he took the cacao butter, Van Houten removes the fat and that becomes
cacao butter.
Fry took the cacao butter that had been removed from the beans
and he put it back into the chocolate.
What does that do?
Well, it makes the chocolate moldable.
You can now fill shapes with this chocolate.
You can make the chocolate into different shapes.
OK.
So, now we have a less bitter chocolate that is shapeable, moldable.
Now, the next two people are somebody called Daniel Peter, who you may never have heard
of, and someone called Henri Nestle, who you may have heard of.
Now, Nestle, he wasn't in the food industry.
Nestle, now they own hundreds of companies, a huge multinational corporation, but back
at the time, Nestle, he was primarily involved in baby supplies and baby food.
He had just invented a process of powdering milk.
Now, Daniel Peter, he comes up with the great idea of putting milk into the chocolate,
but, of course, you can't put liquid milk into the chocolate
because the chocolate then won't set.
He turns round, "Ah, Nestle!
You're making powdered milk!" and they put the powdered milk into the chocolate,
thereby making milk chocolate.
They then go on to form the Nestle Corporation.
Nestle's name is now huge in the world of chocolate.
KitKats, of course, are made by Nestle.
OK, So, after then we have a few more changes.
People put in more sugar more and more and more sugar.
Then, of course, now it's industrialized, we don't really use so much cacao natural
fats we use artificial fats, cheaper fats.
If you buy expensive chocolate, probably you're getting real chocolate, if you buy the cheaper
chocolates you're probably not getting real chocolate.
OK.
So, that has brought us from 1900 B.C. in South America to the current chocolate,
the modern chocolate we can buy today.
I told you that Africa produces the most chocolate in the world.
Well, there are three or four countries, Cameroon, the Ivory Coast,
that produce the most chocolate in the world.
What country do you think eats the most chocolate?
Well, America eats the most chocolate overall, purely because they have a large population.
The country that eats the most chocolate per person is actually Switzerland.
Swiss people eat approximately ten kilograms of chocolate per year per person.
That's incredible.
I would love to eat that much chocolate.
All right.
So, let's talk about a few problems involved in the chocolate industry to finish up with.
I've talked about slavery of course.
Back in the 1900s, slavery in Africa was huge.
Of course, slavery became illegal in the U.K. towards the end of the nineteenth century
and in America a little bit later, so we don't ... we didn't ... so we stopped using those
kind of slaves.
However, there are still problems involved with chocolate.
The first one, of course, is the percentage of the money that goes to the farmer.
Large companies use their buying, their purchasing power, to push down the price of chocolate
beans and the farmer himself doesn't get that much money.
We talked about that with coffee.
Fair trade is starting to change that, but there's a long way to go.
Now the second problem, this is particularly in the Ivory Coast, is child labor.
A lot of cacao plantations, they use children to farm, harvest and dry the beans.
Why is that?
Well, children are cheap, and children are very easy to control.
So, a lot of the chocolate we buy these days has probably been grown and harvested by children.
That is a huge problem and we're still a long way from a solution for that.
Another problem, of course, is deforestation and drought.
The same with coffee.
Cacao beans are not native to these countries, so they have to clear large amounts of forest
to make the plantations.
Then they have to redirect the rivers to irrigate these forests of cacao beans, these plantations
which, of course, if you redirect a river you cause droughts in other areas.
Ok.
Another problem of course is cavities and obesity.
Chocolate, cacao, itself doesn't cause cavities or obesity.
The sugar that is put into the chocolate is what causes the cavities.
If you take an average KitKat, a four bar KitKat,
you have twenty-two grams of sugar in there.
If you take an average Snickers bar you have twenty-six grams of sugar, and that sugar
is what causes the cavities and what causes the obesity.
So, when people start blaming chocolate for the obesity epidemic, that's not the problem,
sugar is the problem.
If you eat pure cacao you're not going to get fat.
OK.
So, to finish.
Is chocolate healthy?
Well, if you go into a regular supermarket and buy a regular bar of milk chocolate, no,
it's not healthy.
A lot of added sugar, a lot of added fat.
Very unhealthy.
However, if you eat pure cacao, or these days you can get ninety-five, ninety-six, ninety-seven
percent cacao chocolate.
If you eat that in moderation, yes, it might be healthy.
You don't have so much added sugar, and also, cacao has something called flavanols.
Flavanols are known to reduce blood pressure, to clean your heart
and to reduce the risk of stroke.
So, if you eat almost pure chocolate a few times, maybe once or twice a week, it could
be beneficial for your health.
However, as with anything.
In balance.
OK.
Well, thanks for listening.
Please go to my site to download the MP3, script and listening activities.
It was good to talk to you.
I'll talk to you next time.
Ok.
Bye.
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