Hey guys, it's Mike Chen.
You know, researchers have always been trying to figure out
the origin of life, the origin of the planet, the origin of the solar system.
And every thing we think know about that may now be called into question
because of the discovery of a small pebble that contain compound
that are not only not found anywhere on this planet
it's not found anywhere in this solar system.
But let me start from the begining.
In the western part of Egypt lies the Great Sand Sea
which covers a whopping 28,000 square miles and spills over into eastern Libya.
And one region of this vast desert is littered with yellow glass,
whose origins many scientists believe to be otherworldly.
While investigating this glass field, small stones containing diamonds were discovered
that challenge all preconceived notions about the formation of our solar system.
In 1996, Dr. Aly A. Barakat was exploring an area of the Great Sand Sea
that is abundant in desert glass.
Known as the Libyan Desert Glass Strewn Field,
this 2,500 square mile region is covered in pieces of yellow glass that perplexes researchers.
Now the glass is very similar to Trinitite, the glass formed in the New Mexico desert
underneath the first atomic bomb explosion that was nicknamed "Operation Trinity."
This glass was very important to the ancient Egyptians, as evidenced by its use in jewelry
that adorned the mummies of the Pharaohs, including Tutankhamun.
Anyway, Barakat's 1996 exploration collected a few pieces of seemingly unspectacular stones
that were surrounded by this mysterious yellow glass.
These stones have been named after Hypatia, who was a famous female astronomer
and mathematician in Alexandria, Egypt during the 4th and 5th centuries AD.
Upon further analysis of the noble gas and nitrogen isotopes,
it was announced in 2013 that these stones were extraterrestrial in origin.
This was followed by a 2015 announcement stating
that the Hypatia stones were not from any known comet or meteor impact.
Also what really made the scientists sit up and take notice was the revelation
that the stones were almost pure carbon with very little silica,
the opposite of what is observed in every other meteor or comet fragment analyzed to date.
Furthermore, the shock diamonds have unusual nitrogen isotope ratios unlike those found on earth,
leading researchers to believe they were formed
before the mysterious impactor entered our atmosphere.
According to lead researcher Jan Kramers,
"We can think of the badly mixed dough of a fruit cake representing the bulk of the Hypatia pebble,,
what we called two mixed 'matrices' in geology terms,"
"The glace cherries and nuts in the cake represent the mineral grains found in Hypatia 'inclusions'.
And the flour dusting the cracks of the fallen cake represent the 'secondary materials'
we found in the fractures in Hypatia, which are from Earth."
This baking analogy gets even stranger due to the presence of a few exceedingly rare components.
Because pure metallic aluminum was found
and aluminum is really never found in this form on the earth
and is thought to be extremely rare, even in our solar system.
Also an even more astounding discovery was an alloy of phosphorus and nickel
that contains no iron, this has really never been observed before.
Kramers went on to say, "Even more unusual, the matrix contains a high amount
of very specific carbon compounds, called polyaromatic hydrocarbons, or PAH,
which is a major component of interstellar dust,
which existed even before our solar system was formed.
Interstellar dust is also found in comets and meteorites that have not been heated up
for a prolonged period in their history."
Basically, the South African professor believes the data is telling him
that the formation process must have happened very far from the warmth of a star like our sun.
And these are regions of our solar system that currently we know very little about.
Kramer also noted that "Hypatia was formed in a cold environment,
probably at temperatures below that of liquid nitrogen on Earth.
In our solar system it would have been way further out than the asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter, where most meteorites come from.
Comets come mainly from the Kuiper Belt, beyond the orbit of Neptune
and about 40 times as far away from the sun as we are.
Some come from the Oort Cloud, even further out.
We know very little about the chemical compositions of space objects out there.
So our next question will dig further into where Hypatia came from,"
Now, if this yellow glass was formed by Hypatia exploding with the force of an atomic bomb
leaving only tiny pieces of itself as clues for future researchers,
in that case, where is the crater?
It turns out that one potential candidate for the crater created from the event
that produced all of this nuclear glass, was too big to be seen except from space.
It wasn't until 2007 when Egyptian space scientist
analyzed data collected by orbiting satellites
that they discovered what they believe to be a 19 mile diameter crater
that could very well explain the origins of the desert glass and Hypatia stone fragments.
But due to its very remote location,
there really has very little additional research done about it.
So yeah, a lot of questions contain in a tiny little pebble.
Also I wonder, do you remember the story about King Tut's dagger made with meteorite?
I wonder if that somehow related to the Hypatia stone.
Anyway guys, let's me know your thought in the comment below.
Thank you all so much for watching. I'll see you later.
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