Thứ Năm, 10 tháng 1, 2019

Youtube daily Jan 10 2019

*Me singing Nepali Song*

Akshay: Sooneeta, sing a song yar!

*Me singing Nepali Song again*

You understand anything?

Akshay: I only understood blah,blah,blah.....

What is the meaning of this song say.

Say anything "Chor", just make it comedy.

Akshay: I don't know the meaning.

Akshay: You say the meaning, I can't understand it.

I even don't know the meaning.

Go and open the dictionary or Google Translation.

Akshay: But I don't know what to type :-D

Here's Level 3 Bag

I don't know Malayalam "Chor"

Akshay: No, you know one song, with four lines.

Nooo, I don't know that song, I just.............

*Again back to the Nepali Song, it was stuck in my head LOL*

You got those jumping shoes?

Come let's go! Let's go for fight!!

I believe I can fly.........

Oh Enemy,..........Hello Master!!

No minus :(

Dead?.....Nooo!

Akshay: One is here, you knocked them?.....Yeah!

DIEEEE!!!

Oye Oye, Behind Us!!

So many enemies here!

Oiiii, He jumped!

Ooh! No, no, no, no, no.....

DIEEEE, you don't need...........

Oh no no no, give me.......

Other guys are also coming

Where Where Where........Where are you?

Akshay: They are in this green house.

Green House?

Akshay: Knocked, Knocked, Knocked, there's one more.

You said this house right?

Akshay: "Chor" this house. They're dead.

Akshay: You want ammo?

I have ammo.

Akshay: It's only 9 Alive.

Helllllllloooooooooo!

Come on guys!!

I want to kill you everyone.

*Again back to that Nepali song stuck in my head*

Oh no!!!! I believe I can fly, :-p

That's my dream, OMG, Garena thank you so much, you fulfilled my dream.

I always see dreams like, I am flying higher higher higher and higher...

Yeeeeeeeah,I am flying now, OMG

I like this one, Oh my g.......

Come come, enemy enemy enemy, 300-285

Akshay: Just go to that tower, I am coming.

You also killed him?

Akshay: Yeah yeah, dead dead, use medkit if you have.

OMG, that enemy....

Oye, enemy enemy!

Behind the tree!

Akshay: Oh! 58 gone!

Akshay: Dead?? ....NO!!

Yeah, I killed one.

Where is another one?

Akshay: Come here down, angle 255

255, Okay Enemy!!

I don't want to jump because If I do, then my life will decrease.

He's inside the house!

Yeeeeeeeeahhhhh, I got kill!!

Woooooow

This is called champion.

Okay Akshay, finished, video finished!!

For more infomation >> Free Fire New Xplosive Jump Mode is Awesome - Duration: 7:44.

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Eifel Volcano Shows Signs of Magma Activity in Germany - Duration: 3:26.

German scientists are calling for a reassessment of the risk of a volcanic

eruption in their country after a study detected deep low-frequency earthquakes

and determined magma could rise into the upper crust beneath the Eifel volcano

deep and low-frequency earthquakes have been detected for the first time under

the dormant eiffel volcano in North rhine-westphalia a new paper shows as

similar tremors are commonly regarded as indicators of the movement of magma at

great depths this discovery suggests magmatic fluids from the upper mantle of

the earth could rise into its crust under east eiffel the seismological

survey of Southwest Germany conducted the groundbreaking study together with

gfz German Research Center for geosciences Karl Roush Institute of

Technology and the seismological survey of north rhine-westphalia

professor Joaquim Ritter of the geophysical Institute at KITT said the

detected earthquakes are generated at large depths and are characterized by

unusually low frequencies their magnitudes are below the limit of human

perception these deep low-frequency earthquakes are generated at depths

between 10 and over 40 kilometers where the Earth's crust and mantle are located

Professor Torsten Tom head of the gfz section physics of earthquakes and

volcanoes said deep low-frequency earthquakes are regarded worldwide as an

indication of the movement of magmatic fluids at great depths

such earthquakes can be observed regularly beneath active volcanoes for

example in Iceland or Japan

the Eiffel volcano last erupted twelve thousand nine hundred years ago the

magma produced during that eruption shows it may have taken as long as

thirty thousand years to fill the upper magma chamber under the volcano

signaling that the magnetic process may take a long time before sparking an

eruption

For more infomation >> Eifel Volcano Shows Signs of Magma Activity in Germany - Duration: 3:26.

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83+ Best Ornamental grasses landscape Ideas l garden ideas - Duration: 15:53.

For more infomation >> 83+ Best Ornamental grasses landscape Ideas l garden ideas - Duration: 15:53.

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Samuel Cook. Speaking with Yuriy Shchyrin. - Duration: 10:39.

What is the main direction for creative people, for potentially creative people to move on?

The future of work is going to be the creative class and everyone else, the consumption class.

The future of work is going to be the creative class and everyone else, the consumption class.

The people that consume things and the people that create.

And there's going to be this big difference between people who make really good money designing really innovative ideas.

Even software developers. A lot of the current tasks that developers do will be automated,

so developers have to become really creative now,

come up with the ideas that machines can't come up with. In order to make a lot of money.

And the future for these creators is to learn how to monetize their knowledge.

If you are a creative expert that comes up with great ideas, to me,

the ideal situation is you attract high-paying clients initially that pay

you a lot of money for your knowledge.

And once you've got a lot of these high-paying clients, you want to teach other people what you know.

You want to teach them your knowledge, whether you are world's expert in Google Analytics or Facebook Ads.

You want to teach them your knowledge, whether you are world's expert in Google Analytics or Facebook Ads.

The first thing you can do to make a lot of money for that is get really high-paying clients.

You need to attract these people and have success stories.

When you have success stories from these really high-paying clients, then you can teach people.

Once you teach people at a high level

and they have success based on your teaching, then you can create a course around that.

And once you create a video course or some kind of training with worksheets and stuff like that,

then you write the book.

The mistake that most experts make is they think that because the people they admire, the experts have a book,

that's what they need to do first. "Oh, I need to write a book, too".

What are you going to write a book about? Because when you write a book,

you are competing with every book that's ever been written.

You are competing with the Bible, you are competing with Plato, you are competing with Homer's Odyssey,

you are competing with Shevchenko, Pushkin, everyone that's ever written a book,

you are competing with Shevchenko, Pushkin, everyone that's ever written a book,

you are competing with them because their books are all out there too.

When I want to read a book, I want to spend my time on something

that is going to give me the most pleasure or value.

When you write a business book, you are competing with Jim Collins and "Good to Great",

you are competing with all the best minds in the world who also have books out there.

So, before you get to the point where you think you have a book, you need to teach people what you know

and prove that you can teach people what you know on one-on-one way,

because if you can't teach people one-on-one and transfer your knowledge, you have no business writing a book.

If you can't make someone be as successful as you at what you do,

then you are not an expert. Because experts create students.

They become mentors for the students and those students one day become better than them.

They take what they know and they innovate. Socrates taught Plato. Plato taught Aristotle.

Aristotle taught Alexander the Great and he conquered the world.

That's the way it goes.

Einstein said, "I can see so far because I stood on the shoulders of giants."

Newton, Copernicus and all the people that came before him.

So, the experts need to understand that it starts with helping other people get massive results.

When I started as an online marketing expert, I just finished doing my fourth one-million-dollar phone.

When I started as an online marketing expert, I just finished doing my fourth one-million-dollar funnel.

I took an expert and made him 1.8 million dollars in revenue in ten months.

So, everyone who saw what he did wanted to know what I did.

Then I started teaching people in small groups one-on-one how to do that.

And all them now are getting the results, learning how to do it.

I am teaching my employees and other people and now we are pretty confident

we have a good system that is repeatable, so now we've made a workshop where people can come in.

And I'm no longer teaching.

My students, my employees, my former coaching students are teaching.

After we get enough case studies and success stories,

eventually we'll say, "Okay, we should make a book out of this."

Because the system we've taught, enough people have had enough success where every

chapter of the book can have a success story that's not me.

It's not about my success but it's about a student's success that I've taught.

Or client's success of one of my students.

Because no one wants to sit there... I believe I read a book about all of my own successes, how I did this, and this, and this...

Because they will just say, "Well, of course, you did it, you are the guy who wrote the book."

But what if they read a book saying that well, this person who is not you,

but someone you taught, used your system and had success with their client,

then the book becomes much more useful and people believe it.

And they believe that they can have the similar result.

Of course, you are the expert, you wrote the book you should get results but I am never going to be you because the view is too high.

That's why I see expert marketing in how to become an expert.

And do you look for other experts, types of experts and do they have something in common?

To build the same way, to monetize?

Experts are teachers who... Actually, you know what, that's an interesting distinction.

The experts are experts at practicing their craft.

But the true way to monetize your expertise is to not only be able to practice your craft but to teach it and pass it on.

So, experts are self-starters, you know how to read a lot of information and take something new.

So, experts are self-starters, you know how to read a lot of information and take something new.

The way to really set yourself apart is what I call "idea sex".

You take two or three completely unrelated things you put them together, and you make something new.

So, Steve Jobs went to university, he didn't study computer science.

He studied calligraphy and typography.

And he was a hippy, doing drugs, going into college classes that he wasn't even paying for, looking at fonts.

What the hell does it have to do with computer science during that time?

But Steve Jobs, when he designed the first Mac, said,

"I want to make a computer, a user experience beautiful."

So, he brought this idea of fonts and beauty of ancient handwriting

that Greek monks and religious monks have had and people have practiced

and said, "Let's put it into computers." - Fashionable computers?

Yeah. Apple to this day is charging premium prices because of their obsession with typography and design, and beauty.

Because people love to feel great when they are doing something and people appreciate beauty in the world.

For me, I started out my career as a marketer... And there are so many people in America

teaching marketing and all of them have this system and this idea of how to do marketing...

teaching marketing and all of them have this system and this idea of how to do marketing...

And I went and learnt documentary film making because I am a historian.

I studied history, I love watching documentaries about historical figures.

And they are always sitting there getting interviewed and they look really professional, really important

and they are not talking to the camera, they are talking to someone, so it feels educational.

Because all of the marketing videos... they are looking into the camera like this and talking to you.

But my idea was... Well, let's take the history look, very authoritative, good lighting

and make you feel like you are being educated.

And let's apply that to marketing. And do marketing videos that look and feel like history videos.

So, that's why we came up with storytelling as our marketing.

And we're one of the leading agencies in the world

that talk about the power of storytelling on film and actually produce films

that look great, that tell great stories. And it immediately sets us apart

from all other marketers in the world because I took something that is completely unrelated to marketing before

and made it related to marketing.

And therefore, we've defined a niche and that's how we are an expert at what we do.

For more infomation >> Samuel Cook. Speaking with Yuriy Shchyrin. - Duration: 10:39.

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Rival parties give mixed assessments of president's new years press conference - Duration: 2:13.

Rival parties had very mixed responses to the president's new year press conference.

The ruling bloc welcomed his remarks, and vowed to support the government,... while

conservative-leaning parties stepped up their criticism.

Kim Min-ji brings us the contrasting reactions.

The ruling Democratic Party praised the president's new year press conference -- saying that he

showed his firm determination to put the economy and people first as he enters his third year

in office.

It went on to say that the party will be at the forefront to support the government's

initiative to foster an economy where everybody prospers,... while calling on the opposition

bloc to work hand-in-hand as partners.

"The press conference showed the president's will to make an economy where all live well,

through a people-centered economy and inclusive country.

The ruling party will join the president's efforts to achieve sustainable growth.

When it comes to the economy and working for people's livelihoods there should be no divide

between rival parties."

But it's a very different assessment from the main opposition Liberty Korea Party.

The conservative party criticized the president's remarks -- claiming that the government continues

to live in an illusion,... and doesn't recognize the hardships the people are facing.

"People are finding it difficult to make ends meet, but the president is repeating remarks

that having no relevance -- like people centered, or inclusive nation.

There are people being pushed to shut down their business.

But all the government is doing to address their woes is saying they will come up with

"strengthened measures."

The minor opposition Bareun Mirare Party also gave a similar response... saying that when

the people want an apology, all they are getting in return is a speech full of self-praise.

The government talks about ridding the country of economic inequality and polarization, but

things are worse than before following its income-led policies.

Yet there is no apology nor has it addressed irregularties, like the case of hiring corruption."

Left-leaning minor parties more or less shared positive assessments,... however, pointed

out that the president needs to do more to address the issue of reducing polarization

as well as how to extend support for the country's laborers.

Kim Min-ji, Arirang News.

For more infomation >> Rival parties give mixed assessments of president's new years press conference - Duration: 2:13.

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Pres. Moon says Japan must adopt 'humbler' attitude to historical issues - Duration: 2:27.

Some of the questions asked by the journalists were geared towards South Korea's relations

with its neighbor on the east as well as the nation's social issues.

Hwang Hojun has more highlights from that session.

President Moon Jae-in insisted that Japan needs to take a humbler approach in dealing

with the bad blood caused by the two countries' (quote) "unfortunate history," referring to

Japan's colonization of Korea in the early 20th century.

Whether or not Seoul and Tokyo have a future-oriented relationship, he said, is up to Japan.

"These are not problems that were created by the South Korean government."

Last October, South Korea's Supreme Court ordered a Japanese steel company to compensate

the Koreans it forced to work without pay during World War 2.

And on Wednesday, another court ordered the company's assets frozen ahead of their likely

seizure.

Right away, Japan called in the South Korean ambassador to file a complaint,... calling

the move (quote) "extremely regrettable."

Japan has argued that a treaty between Seoul and Tokyo in 1965, which reestablished diplomatic

relations between the two countries, should have settled all disputes and said the courts'

decisions are a breach of the treaty and international law.

President Moon said the treaty did not resolve all issues for the victims and urged the Japanese

government to respect judicial decisions.

"I don't think it is wise for Japanese politicians and leaders to continue to politicize such

issues, creating and spreading controversy."

Regarding social issues in South Korea, President Moon said the gender gap, one of the largest

in the developed world, is a shameful reality.

He insisted that his administration has been and will continue trying to break the glass

ceiling.

And when asked about criticisms of his appointment of former journalists as senior staff members,...

seen by some as an inappropriate relationship between the government and the press,...

President Moon insisted that it is no such thing and that the appointments were based

only on their competence.

President Moon Jae-in once again stressed that Seoul and Tokyo must combine their wisdom

to resolve these wartime issues... and not undermine their forward-looking relationship.

Along with peace on the Peninsula and tangible results in the economy,… normalizing South

Korea's relations with Japan is another challenge the Moon administration will have to face

this year.

Hwang Hojun, Arirang News.

For more infomation >> Pres. Moon says Japan must adopt 'humbler' attitude to historical issues - Duration: 2:27.

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Korean companies make waves at CES 2019 - Duration: 2:24.

Turning our focus to the Consumer Electronic Show in Las Vegas.

Korean tech titans showcased their latest products and innovations, including smart

devices, televisions and robots.

Kim Hyesung introduces to us some of their dazzling items on display at the 52nd CES.

The Internet of Things.

All home appliances, including TVs, fridges and washing machines are connected by AI,

or an AI speaker, eliminating the need for a remote control, or to actually do laundry

or clean the floor.

Samsung and LG Electronics also unveiled wearable robots that help with physical rehabilitation.

And they've struck a deal with Apple to enrich their content by providing movies and TV shows

from iTunes on their smart TVs.

And here comes the massive curve of nature.

A wall made up of 246, 55-inch OLED TV panels -- flexible and crisp images that make for

an immersive experience.

This 65inch, flexible OLED TV is LG's first commercially viable version that can roll

back into the tube, play music and show the time when the display is off."

It has a unique design and can also save you some wall or living room space, and will be

available for purchase by this year.

Samsung Electronics also showcased its 8K QLED TV, which has the company's clearest

pictures yet.

An elevating car that can move along extreme terrain, do search and rescue operations...

and get people to places where a normal car cannot.

"Elevating concept car is experimental vehicle that basically combines robotics and cars

together using robotic actuators and robotic electric wheels to provide a car with extreme

mobility capability."

Hyundai Motors also released new car infotainment services, like systems that can detect your

mood through your heartbeat and facial expression... and turn on exciting or peaceful music, or

send some pulsating rhythms through the actual car seat.

Korea's internet portal giant Naver won a CES innovation award this year for its 5G-enabled

robotic arm that can be used in real time, and controlled from remote locations with

extremely low latency.

Kim Hyesung, Arirang News, Las Vegas.

For more infomation >> Korean companies make waves at CES 2019 - Duration: 2:24.

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Japan officially requests talks with S. Korea under 1965 treaty,... regarding Seoul's forced labor.. - Duration: 3:05.

Tensions continue to rise between Seoul and Tokyo over the South Korean Supreme Court's

forced labor ruling last year.

As the Japanese firm did not respond to the court's orders to compensate the victims,

another court approved a petition to seize some of the company's Korea-based assets.

In response, Tokyo has officially requested Seoul resolve the problem through talks.

Lee Ji-won has the latest.

Japan has officially requested talks with South Korea under the 1965 bilateral agreement,

regarding a Seoul court's ruling last year on compensation for wartime forced labor.

"We have received a request for bilateral talks from Japan.

We will closely review the request."

Spokesperson Noh said nothing has been decided on how the talks will be held,... and reiterated

Seoul's stance on respecting judicial independence, and how it is working with related ministries

and experts to come up with an official response.

This comes after South Korea's Daegu District Court... officially froze local assets of

Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation on Wednesday upon the plaintiffs' request.

Last October, Seoul's Supreme Court ordered that the Japanese firm compensate four South

Korean victims about 87-thousand U.S. dollars each for their unpaid forced labor at the

company during World War II.

But with the Japanese steelmaker refusing to respond to the court's order, a notice

was sent out to freeze 81-thousand of the firm's shares in a joint-venture with a South

Korean firm.

The shares are worth around 357-thousand dollars.

Japan has been strongly protesting the court's results, arguing that the issue was settled

through the 1965 bilateral agreement that normalized ties between the two countries.

With both sides standing firm, eyes are now on whether Seoul will accept the talks, which

would be the first such talks under the treaty.

A senior South Korean official at the foreign ministry told reporters Thursday that by the

ministry's "close review" of Japan's request,... it could mean that Seoul may re-request the

talks to Japan,... but add other controversial issues to the agenda.

This could include talks over Japan's wartime sexual enslavement of Korean women, which

Seoul requested in 2011, but was rejected by Tokyo.

Meanwhile, in case negotiations don't work out,... Japan is reportedly preparing to take

the matter to the International Court of Justice.

According to Seoul-based Yonhap News Agency, Japan's Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper, citing

a Japanese foreign affairs official, said Tokyo has already chosen its lawyers and is

getting ready for the international trial.

The 1965 treaty also calls for an arbitration committee that involves a third country to

resolve the issue,... but this too will have to be accepted by the other side, in this

case, Seoul.

The official said Japan will wait for Seoul's official response.

Lee Ji-won, Arirang News.

For more infomation >> Japan officially requests talks with S. Korea under 1965 treaty,... regarding Seoul's forced labor.. - Duration: 3:05.

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Chemical Laboratory vs The Buddy | Kick The Buddy - Duration: 10:56.

Welcome to my video

Thank you for this video view

Like, sub, share, support my channel.

Thank you very much

For more infomation >> Chemical Laboratory vs The Buddy | Kick The Buddy - Duration: 10:56.

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MIRA COMO el CANGREJO de ROCAS DE DEVORA a una PULGA de MAR Vivo - Duration: 2:01.

Woow! look like this crab

you eat a sea flea

these crabs are all over the rocky shore

of the marine coast in Peru

see how it devours part of the leg of the marine flea

uses its two tongs to tear off part of the small marine animal

this type of crabs literally eat everything

they have an omnivorous diet

it is possible to see them eat carcasses of waterfowl

seaweed

worms and even human waste

That voracity is possible thanks to its digestive system

that manages to crush the food through the gizzard

and a couple of glands that are responsible for

gastric juices to metabolize food

thanks for watching the video

see you in another of my publications

For more infomation >> MIRA COMO el CANGREJO de ROCAS DE DEVORA a una PULGA de MAR Vivo - Duration: 2:01.

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[Video Lyric] Hương Quỳnh - Hades (Prod. by Onderbi) - Duration: 2:57.

For more infomation >> [Video Lyric] Hương Quỳnh - Hades (Prod. by Onderbi) - Duration: 2:57.

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The Word of God "Believing in God Should Focus on Actual Practice, Not Religious Rituals" - Duration: 10:36.

For more infomation >> The Word of God "Believing in God Should Focus on Actual Practice, Not Religious Rituals" - Duration: 10:36.

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07 Jan 2019 - Homily by Archbishop William Goh - Duration: 1:57.

For more infomation >> 07 Jan 2019 - Homily by Archbishop William Goh - Duration: 1:57.

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SARAP NITO MGA LATEST HALIK TELESERYE - Duration: 4:50.

For more infomation >> SARAP NITO MGA LATEST HALIK TELESERYE - Duration: 4:50.

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Best Dog Food For Puppies Recommended By Dog Food Judge 🐶 - Duration: 3:23.

What is the best dog food for puppies and why?

I am a dog food judge Mirko Nuli and in this video my friend, I will show you the best

dog food for puppies that I discover.

I have made a comparison of top 10 dog foods for puppies and you can see the test results

by visiting the link in the description.

Long story short, I was looking for the healthiest and the best puppy food and it was a complete

success.

I have been searching for the biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) because it is

the best for little puppies.

Most of the sources recommend you foods that are far from fresh and appropriate.

My examination shows that Orijen puppy food brand is the best dog food for puppies, why?

Orijen Puppy food is:

First, produced as biologically appropriate raw food.

Ingredients are freeze-dried.

Freeze-drying process ingredients without any changes in the structure which leaves

all ingredients fresh and raw.

All nutritional value is preserved for your puppy to enjoy in the wonderful raw diet.

Second, food is complete and balanced.

The composition is ideal for pets.

The food contains:

38% protein, 20% fat,

5% fiber and 12% moisture.

So the protein level is very high and it is followed by the fat.

Fat to protein ratio is 53% which is ideal.

Also, fiber level is low but still present so the puppy gets all nutrition it needs for

healthy growth.

Third, food is produced without any unhealthy and dangerous ingredient.

There are no:

a) Preservatives.

b) Grain.

c) Wheat.

d) Soy.

and e) danger ingredient.

So my examination shows that Orijen puppy food is the best dog food for puppies and

I highly recommend it.

In my final judgment, I provide it 100/100 points.

So now you know which one is the best but hey there are plenty more foods on the internet.

Well, my friend, I examined the 10 most popular and I want to show you my test results.

The worst food for puppies has only 9/100 and the best part is that it is one of the

most popular product in the world we are talking about.

Well let the name stays a secret, is that ok with you?

I don't think so, download the comparison and avoid this unhealthy and dangerous puppy

food now.

A link is down below in the description.

If you like this video, hit the subscribe button to receive more like it in the future.

And remember let's keep our pets healthy!

Bye!

For more infomation >> Best Dog Food For Puppies Recommended By Dog Food Judge 🐶 - Duration: 3:23.

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Ca Sĩ Phi Nhung Hát Chú Đại Bi. Đại Bi Thần Chú - Duration: 1:17:27.

For more infomation >> Ca Sĩ Phi Nhung Hát Chú Đại Bi. Đại Bi Thần Chú - Duration: 1:17:27.

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THE NEW BEST KODI BUILD FOR KRYPTON 17.6 - JANUARY 2019 - LOBO - Duration: 10:20.

For more infomation >> THE NEW BEST KODI BUILD FOR KRYPTON 17.6 - JANUARY 2019 - LOBO - Duration: 10:20.

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Clash Of Clans - TOWN HALL 12 (TH12) BASE w/ PROOF ✅ Trophy Base / War Base / Troll Bases 2019 - Duration: 10:07.

Clash Of Clans - TOWN HALL 12 (TH12) BASE w/ PROOF ✅ Trophy Base / War Base / Troll Bases 2019

For more infomation >> Clash Of Clans - TOWN HALL 12 (TH12) BASE w/ PROOF ✅ Trophy Base / War Base / Troll Bases 2019 - Duration: 10:07.

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The Awkward History of Puberty - Let's Talk About Hormones - Duration: 10:28.

Nobody likes talking about puberty for adults

it reminds us that our first time getting bullied or our first painful heartbreak and for teenagers currently going through it just

Everyday is a living nightmare and you can't blame them for feeling that way all the familiar

Anatomy and physiology is changing so quickly that there's no anchor to place anywhere

It's one of the most turbulent and interesting times and human development

Especially when it comes to hormones, so I wanted to learn more but luckily so have people throughout history

in fact ancient scholars had been just

Fascinated by this beautifully awkward transition from childhood into physical and sexual maturity for a long

Long time ancient societies obviously didn't know about things like hormones or sperm cells

But it was kind of difficult for them to ignore certain aspects of teenagers developments, you know

Like the unexplained bleeding or the beards popping up overnight

So, you know

They had to explain that they use certain biological events to mark the start of a life transition from childhood into adulthood

And then made a bunch of completely wrong guesses about what was happening

anatomically the ancient Greeks used menarche or a girl's first period as her marker and then what they thought was a

Comparable event in boys what aristotle called the first seed but how would you know when that was old roman, dude?

Lucretia's had an answer semen would start diffusing throughout a boy's body

And then when he reached a mature age, he would have a sexy dream, which would then cause him to discharge?

Yep

The answer for the first period for girls was the first wet dream for a boy and that's partly because for a long time

Those old school physicians were obsessed with bodily fluids specifically what they called the four humors of the body

Phlegm yellow bile black bile and blood if you were sick it was because your humors were out of whack

That was their way of explaining most of medicine and Anatomy, right?

This is way before the first microscope or cell theory was even a thing like clearly they had no idea what menses were made of

This is the blood and other material that comes out during menstruation

they thought the body was just trying to lose some excess moisture because again,

Everything was humors or according to hypocrite 'yes semen and menses were just spread throughout the body and they traveled around through the circulatory system

But because kids blood vessels were so small

Only blood could get through then when they finally got bigger all that stuff could travel down to the genitals

and do its thing. Or maybe not. Some people thought that semen could also be a

Residue of blood. Humoral theory would be good enough at explaining things that happen on the inside of the body

But clearly some things happen to the outside of the body during puberty also like the voice getting deeper or breast development

Or muscle growth still everything including the secondary sexual characteristics were attributed to humors

At least they were right when they made the observation that girls tended to go through puberty before boys

Something that still rings true today and according to the times puberty ended at around 21 to 25

Depending on which society you were asking and what counts is the end of puberty and that's a tricky definition for any society throughout history

partially because puberty takes on such a larger role than just a

Physiological change and that might be why when I was researching for this video

I found such little information on puberty between the time of Galen and the Renaissance like seriously

I couldn't find anything that actually moved our anatomical understanding of puberty forward over the course of fifteen hundred years

But I did find plenty about what it meant

Socially to be a child versus an adolescence and that's something to remember for the next part of this story

Puberty isn't just hormones and anatomical changes

It's also a psychological change and it changes how you're seen within your family and society and for a lot of cultures

It marks the transition from childhood into the adult working life. And of course each culture is different

So how they view this transition time into adulthood is going to be different too

Now while there wasn't a big push on our understanding of puberty

Specifically there were a few big efforts during the Renaissance and our overall understanding of anatomy

We finally started transitioning from that humoral based medicine to the more traditional

Western medicine with the modern anatomy that you're used to today a big shout-out goes to my dude Andreas Vesalius who in 1543

Literally wrote the book on modern anatomy in De Humani Corporis Fabrica or On The Fabric of the Human Body

Which you guessed it is where I got the name for this channel prior to Vesalius, Human dissection was pretty taboo

So doctors would dissect animals and infer human anatomy from these pig or sheep

Cadavers and while a lot of the anatomy crosses over just fine Vesalius corrected a lot of these long-held

Misunderstandings like but the big blood vessels actually originate in the heart and not in the liver

His book marked a transition from the old school to the new school Anatomy which caused doctors to rethink how certain diseases function

including the old humoral theory

So with Anatomy rewritten and our invention of the microscope

Right around the corner our knowledge of the reproductive system was about to get a huge overhaul

But puberty itself would remain a mystery for centuries

Remember hormones weren't discovered until the early 1900s and we didn't start experimenting on puberty until get this

1948

Literally the same year that Samuel L Jackson was born probably the most influential work came from James M

Tanner a British pediatrician whose book growth at adolescence was super important in our understanding

Of puberty Tanner was planning on studying the effects of malnutrition in children

And as part of his study

He would periodically measure and photograph a bunch of tweens going through puberty and he measured everything height and weight, of course

But also stuff like genital size and pubic hair and muscular growth

Which I know sounds kind of messed up and ethically questionable but Tanner was really interested in the growth spurt that happens during puberty

He still measured all the private stuff because he liked the Greeks thousands of years before him knew it was all supposed to develop during

Adolescence he had to make sense of this growth spurt with the as he put it spectacular development of the reproductive system

which takes place at this time Tanner called this the adolescent growth spurt and described it his growth of

Everything including the face heart pelvis everything. It wasn't just a stretching out in height and Tanner collected a ton of data

he was able to take the timing of a child's growth spurt their current height where they were at in physical maturity and make really

Accurate predictions about their end maturity Tanner had so much data and observational power to work with that

He came up with a scale for physical and sexual maturity in puberty that he called

the Tanner stages a scale that

pediatricians still used today Tanner stages let doctors use an individual child's Anatomy to determine where they're at in puberty that way it wasn't just

Oh, you're 13 and you don't have a beard yet?

You could have just been a late bloomer and only been at stages one or two on the Tanner scale and that's all fine

But that really just doubles down on the idea that puberty is the time when people reach sexual maturity. It doesn't offer any explanation

Physiologically and it doesn't bring hormones into the picture at all

And while he wasn't a hundred percent accurate for everything Tanner did correctly credit puberty to a cascade of hormonal changes

Not just a single hormone. Again. This is bonkers considering the technology available to him

Remember all of this is during the 1950's so important medical tools like the radio immunoassay hadn't been invented yet

Tanner was measuring all this stuff off of metabolic byproducts

He was finding enduring low-tech stuff by today's standards Plus while key hormones like growth hormone had been discovered

some of the big chemicals involved in puberty like

Hypothalamic peptides or insulin like growth factors or IGFs hadn't been discovered yet. What Tanner did know was that the

Hypothalamus the gland that sits just above the pituitary gland in the brain

Needs to mature before the pituitary so that the cascade of hormones can happen

So researchers started diving into the Cascade if you saw the last episode in the hormone series

Then you might remember that the pituitary gland controls just about every other endocrine gland in the body

Including the gonads the testes and ovaries, but the hypothalamus controls the pituitary

so back in 1980 a team of researchers did a series of experiments on rhesus monkeys a monkey that gets

Experimented a lot on in science. They showed that if the hypothalamus released pulses of ganado trope and releasing hormone or GnRH

It would kick off a chain of events that triggered the release of adult levels of ganado tropen from the pituitary

Which would stimulate adult level responses from the gonads real quick language sidebar here?

I know I just threw in a bunch of big science words

But breaking them down makes them simpler the go natto part just refers to the gonads the testes and ovaries

Well the trope in part just means that it triggers the release of other hormones

So good nod at rope ins job is to release hormones from the gonad

so

GnRH s job is just to release gennady tropen and all of that is to say is that researchers found that the hormonal response of

the testes and ovaries

Starts in the brain and that's all well and good in monkeys

But good luck getting approval doing an experiment that literally triggers purity in human children

Well at least in healthy human children

It might be a little bit of a different story if we were experimenting on someone with a disease

Which is exactly what we got around the same time

research was looking at a condition called calman syndrome a condition where GnRH doesn't work properly in the

Hypothalamus the child never really starts puberty and sure enough by stimulating the release of GnRH like they had done with monkeys

People with calleman's syndrome were induced into puberty and that seemed like the nail in the coffin right there

Kanata trope and releasing hormone acted like a puberty on switch but like all things hormones

You don't just sprinkle on a little gnrh, and that's puberty. Nope. It's all feedback

Loops and puberty is controlled by something called the hypothalamic pituitary. Gonadal axis

these two are in the brain while this one is not although I know plenty of dudes who think more when they're

GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and as it keeps rising for sure Gennady tropen will increase but so will hormones like

Luteinizing hormone which kicks off ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum as well as follicle stimulating hormone

Which regulates?

Development growth and some reproductive processes in the body like making sperm and egg cells

Then the testes and ovaries talk back to the HP part of the HPG axis with androgens progesterone x' and esther owns

so at the end of puberty

The biggest change is that now you're a teenager with the anatomical frame of an adults and you can have a baby

But don't bad for the environment. You're also set up with different levels of hormones than before including the all-important and fascinating estrogen and testosterone

But there's another hormone that doesn't get enough credit after puberty

Supposedly known as the love or trust hormone oxytocin and that's the subject of next week's episode

Thank you so much for watching this episode. If you somehow stuck around would you mind sharing this video with a friend?

I really appreciate it. Otherwise say hi in the comments subscribe if you haven't already like the video have fun be good

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