In 1518 the Aztec Empire ruled over millions of people.
It's central city, Tenochtitlan, was the Venice of the Americas, with beautiful canals and pyramids.
It's Emperor a near god that extracted immense tribute from conquered peoples. By 1522 it was a ruin. The city was gone, the Emperor dead.
How could a small group of Spaniards break so confident an Empire? In the Mexica's own words
"Who could conquer Tenochtitlan? Who could shake the foundation of the heavens?"
Let's Find Out!
INTRO
Moctezuma sat on his royal throne is a palace that housed 2 zoos, medicinal gardens, and an aquarium.
Whether a sick rollercoaster was there is still be debated by archaeologists.
Under his stern rule the Aztec Empire had reach unparalleled heights, but today he was stumped.
His agents had made contact with strange bearded white men off the coast. Who were these bizarre foreigners, what did they want.
Moctezuma could not know.
Over 2000km away in Santiago de Cuba,
Hernan Cortés has just been appointed "Caudillo" of another expedition to Mexico. Tasked with exploration and modest trading.
He quickly set about recruiting men, stockpiling ammunition, and buying ships with and energy and determination that hinted at larger plans.
This scared the Governor of Cuba, who then sent word to another man appointing him as the new Caudillo.
The messenger however seems to have mysteriously stabbed and then thrown himself
into a ravine and totally unrelated to this Cortés got the hell out of Cuba.
He set sail with 530 soldiers, a few hundred African and native slaves,
a handful of maids, and 1-2 conquistadoras.
Oh and about 16 horses, some war dogs, cannons, guns, swords and crossbows….they're kind of important.
Because you can't have modest trade without cannons!
He first landed in Maya territory and won his first major victory, which was not militaristic, but rather linguistic.
Cortés discovered a castaway Spanish priest that had been living among the Maya and learned the language.
Language was just as important as horse or cannon in this conflict.
Unlike conquistadors before him Cortés could now conduct diplomacy and make deals with the natives.
He could find out who liked who and use that to his advantage.
Things got even better when Cortés defeated a Maya group in battle...well they got better for Cortés the Maya got screwed.
After the battle he received a woman that spoke both Maya and the Aztec language, Nahuatl.
Dubbed La Malinche she became "the" essential translator in the weird telephone game that was early colonial communication.
She also has some funky songs written about her.
Leaving Maya territory Cortés moved on and landed in modern day Vera Cruz.
Over the next few days the diplomats of Moctezuma arrived. Cortés was given many golden gifts,
had hundreds of huts built for him and his men, and had thousands of servants made available to him.
Cortés informed them that he was a diplomat sent by the King of Spain...he wasn't.
But they were hardly going to Google search the guy and the Mexica were known to highly respect diplomats.
After some back and forth questioning Cortés asked the most important question. Did Moctezuma possess much gold.
The response was "Yes". I can't imagine a more dangerous answer.
Moctezuma was in the House of Serpents, a part of his Zoo when the messengers arrived.
These were the indeed same kind of men that arrived last year. They rode bizarre looking deer
and they had sticks that created lighting along with beasts that launched rocks from their bellies that could destroy hillsides.
Moctezuma the all powerful god emperor. Warlord of the Mexica. A man that cared for millions of people and was a
famously decisive ruler sank into a pit of despair.
This was the equivalent of Martians landing. How do you deal with that?
Some sources claim that Moctezuma thought the Spanish were gods coming to reclaim Mexico.
But all the evidence for this was written pre-conquest and is pretty shaky.
Moctezuma and the Mexica in general were incredibly superstitious. He may have thought these men were evil spirits of
some kind or just sent for some divine reason. But the idea of him giving up entirely because he thought Cortés was a god is unlikely.
But there were members of the royal household that had no doubts that the Spanish were simply men.
The emperor's brother Cuitláhuac continuously pushed the idea that these were raiders and shouldn't be trusted.
He advised Moctezuma "not to allow into your house someone who will put you out of it"
Moctezuma formulated a plan, he would do everything in his power to be nice to these visitors.
But he would not meet them and he would do his best to discourage them from coming to meet him.
Be they gods or not. This wasn't like...a great plan.
While Moctezuma was discussing the Spanish with his council, Cortés was discussing Moctezuma with another council back at the coast.
The natives in the region were living under Aztec rule and paid tribute to them.
They were obviously not ecstatic about this situation. They informed Cortés that if he marched on Tenochtitlan,
he would have theirs and other unhappy vassals support.
Cortés knew he couldn't take down an empire like the Aztecs with his forces.
But if he could start a civil war, that might just give him a chance. So he marched on Tenochtitlan with an army
that was barely 5% Spanish. The biggest contributor to this multiethnic army were the Tlaxcala,
who we discussed in the previous video. Cortés made his way across Mexico, stopping to
commit a little massacre at Cholula before arriving at the main causeway leading to the Mexica's island city, on the 8th of November 1519.
Crossbowmen, Gunmen, Cavalry, and war painted native allies marched down the
causeway probably taking notice of the wooden sections that could be removed to cut off their retreat.
Moctezuma, accepting that his not really a plan plan had failed went out to greet Cortés.
What else could he do really the guy was at his doorstep..
And so on that causeway in Mexico, as Moctezuma descended from his litter and Cortés
dismounted his horse, an emperor and a conquistador met and the history of our world changed forever.
They were led into the city and given lodgings in a palace that once belong to Moctezuma's father.
Over the next few days they were given a tour of the city with awed both Cortés and his men.
However Cortés wanted to take this city to enrich himself and to impress the King back in Spain.
Even with his native allies he knew it was near impossible to take this metropolis
without a devastating battle that he wasn't sure if he could win.
What could he do…. It wasn't like he could just kidnap the Emperor of the Aztecs.
Moctezuma was taken to the Spaniards quarters and ruled his empire as a prisoner. Allowing Cortés to control the city and empire without a fight.
As the city was stripped for gold the initial welcoming spirit of the Mexica vanished and their curiosity turned to hate.
But little resistance could be organised as everything relied on the Emperor.
As the city turned against Cortés he got word that Spanish ships had been spotted off the coast,
an army had been sent from Cuba to arrest or kill Cortés and Moctezuma may have been secretly helping them.
This was obviously terribly inconvenient for him, but nevertheless he had to march out and meet this threat.
He left his second in command, Pedro de Alvarado behind with a small group of soldiers to hold the city and emperor.
While Cortés was gone there happened to be an important festival taking place in Tenochtitlan.
In the days leading up to the festival Alvarado seems to have gotten paranoid. The business of the festival preparations seems to have convinced him that an
anti-Spanish conspiracy was brewing. Left alone in a foreign city Alvarado seems to have felt
outnumbered, trapped, suffocated. He would need to throw the first punch.
The day of the festival arrived. Priests made offerings, the music of drums and flutes filled the air, feathered dancers put on magnificent shows.
Alvarado and his troops entered the temple grounds wearing armour. Little attention was paid to them.
His men blocked the exits and then Alvarado shouted "Mueran!"
Soon 3 thousand people lay dead in the temple grounds and the killing poured out on to the streets.
Most of the Aztec nobility lay dead with the dancers. Only Moctezuma and a lucky few survived.
Madness took the city as the Aztecs organised a counter-attack. It only settled down after Alvarado,
covered in blood and with a severe head wound, forced Moctezuma to address his people and beg them to stop fighting back.
Alvarado and his men hid in their quarters and the city mourned.
Cortés returned victorious from the coast. But noone came to greet him as he entered the city.
It was silent. He discovered Alvarado and his men near starving in their quarters. While he heard about what had
happened from Alvarado Cortés then found himself and his army besieged. Moctezuma's brother,
Cuitáhuac, had organised a resistance. Cortés hoping to regain some sort of control over the city sent
Moctezuma to the balcony of the besieged palace to speak to his people. This time however,
his people threw rocks at him. Moctezuma died shortly after and with him Cortés' hope of taking an empire without a fight.
I can't help but wonder if Moctezuma had heeded his brother's advice and confronted the Spanish
before they were inside the city rather than appeased them how things would have turned out.
While a great leader for most of his reign, his final decisions during this profound event sealed the doom of his people.
The Spanish attempted to flee the city at night. Using a portable bridge to cross the sections of the causeway the Aztecs had removed.
This bridge got stuck however and the Spanish were soon spotted. The war drums sounded atop the great pyramid.
War canoes swarmed the Spanish position and warriors poured down the causeway. Soon half the Spanish army
was thrashing in the water, guns, cannons, and horses were useless.
Men weighed down by gold drowned in the lake. The chaos was unimaginable.
Cortés himself was captured, only to be saved in the nick of time. An fatal example of the Aztec's preference for capturing over killing.
Bodies began to fill the gaps in the causeway and the Spanish escaped by running over there comrades.
They managed to escape to the mainland. On this Noche Triste as it is remembered the Spanish
lost between 400-1000 soldiers along with thousands of more native allies. But he still had La Malinche,
he still had Pedro de Alvarado, and most importantly he still had the support of the Tlaxcala. Whose lands he retreated to to lick his wounds.
While triumphant the Mexica could hardly celebrate. Tenochtitlan was badly burned, 2 kings of the
Triple Alliance were dead, and the nobility was wiped out. Cuitáhuac, now Emperor seemed capable of turning things around.
He just might save the Empire, it appears that there is hope yet….oh he's dead now. Smallpox has just arrived.
Within a year 40% of Tenochtitlan is dead. Farmers lay dead in their fields and famine hits.
One by one the smallpox weakened cities around Tenochtitlan fall to Spanish-
Tlaxcalan forces. Why resist, disease and famine are tearing you apart and you don't even like the Aztecs anyway.
Soon Tenochtitlan and it's neighbour Tlatelolco stand alone. Surrounded.
A year after fleeing the city Cortés returns. With tens of thousands of native allies.
12 European warships were launched onto Lake Texcoco were they clashed with thousands of Aztec canoes.
This was naval warfare at 2250 meters above sea level.
The warships stopped supplies entering the city. Alvarado cut the aqueducts. Cortés was going to
introduce the Americas to a new kind of warfare, a European style siege. There would be no
glorious battle in an open field between Eagle and Jaguar warriors. Instead just a slow withering of resolve.
The siege went on for 80 days. Each day the citizens would rain rocks down on their invaders from the roofs
of their homes and so each day the Spanish would enter the city burning and breaking as much as possible.
So there'd, you know...be less roofs. Each night the Spanish retreated and the citizens repaired what they could.
This was a bitter slogfest. At one point it appeared the Mexica were going to win.
They had captured a large amount of Spaniards and sacrificed them in full view of the besieging army
and their allies. Some allies even deserted the Spanish cause, seeing it as hopeless. But it didn't last.
As they starved away and withered from disease, trapped in their city the Mexica hardly gave the Spanish an inch.
Every street was a last stand and every day Cortés' dream of taking the city intact slipped away.
In the Mexica's own words
"It is better that we should all die fighting in the city than see ourselves in the power of those who would enslave us and torture us for gold."
Eventually, slowly, painfully the city was erased. Moctezuma's cousin and the final Emperor,
Cuauhtémoc was captured and the Aztec Empire was forced to surrendered on 13 August 1521.
Broken spears lie in the roads; We have torn our hair in our grief The houses are roofless now, and their walls Are red with blood.
Our inheritance, our city, is lost and dead The shields of our warriors were its defense. But they could not save it.
A great city lay in ashes and the Aztec Empire was at an end but modern Mexico had just been born.
Mexico city rose from the ashes of Tenochtitlan and today in Mexico more than one million people
still speak Nahuatl. Mexican Spanish contains more than three thousand "Nahuatlisms,"
and a number of English words come from Nahuatl such tomato, chocolate, and coyote.
The Spanish soon after their conquest of Mexico and then more of the Americas became the
greatest power in Europe. Gold and Silver flowed back into Spain along with what are now modern food staples.
Such as corn, chocolate, vanilla, and chilli.
This story is one where both sides displayed the very heights of human bravery and brutality.
The conquest of Mexico is both a tragic and fundamental event in world history and one that will need to be studied forever.
For more infomation >> Cogito's Corner: Fall of the Aztec Empire - Duration: 15:41.-------------------------------------------
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Call Me Spider-Man - Stan Lee Cameo (Scene) | Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) Movie Clip HD (+CC) - Duration: 3:53.
- Hey, what's up? - Hey, man.
What's up, Mr. Delmar?
Hey, Mr. Parker.
Number five, right?
Yeah, and with pickles, and can you smush it down real flat? Thanks.
You got it, boss.
How's your aunt?
Yeah, she's all right.
She's a very hot Italian woman.
How's your daughter?
- Ten dollars. - It's 5 dollars.
- For that comment, 10 dollars. - Hey, come on. I'm joking. I'm joking.
Here's 5 dollars.
What's up, Murph?
How you doing, buddy?
So how's school?
It's boring. Got better things to do.
Stay in school, kid. Otherwise, you're gonna end up like me.
- This is great. - Best sandwiches in Queens.
Finally.
- What's the matter with you? - Could you hold this?
Thanks.
Hey, is this anybody's bike? No?
- Hey, buddy, is this your bike? - I have no change.
Does anyone have a pen? Do you have a pen?
Everybody good?
Hey!
You're that spider guy on YouTube, right?
Call me Spider-Man.
Okay, Spider-Man. Do a flip.
- Yeah! - Not bad.
Hey, buddy.
- Shouldn't steal cars, it's bad. - It's my car, dumbass!
Hey! Shut that off!
- Can you tell him it's my car? - I was...
- I work at nights. Come on. - That's not your car!
- That's his car. - How was I supposed to know?
- He was putting that in the window! - Every day with these alarms!
- Turn it off! - Don't make me come down there, punk.
Hey, Gary. How you doing?
Marjorie, how are you? How's your mother?
I'm good, I'm good.
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Beat Cypher 5 - How We Make Beats Super Fast at the Drum Pads 24 Studio - Duration: 13:59.
Come on! Come on!
It's a bomb
What was that?
It's mine! My car alarm. They wanna stole my car
Hey guys! Beat Cypher #5 is here
This is Sava, Vasiliy and me Pavel
Actually there are 4 of us today. The forth one is sitting on my lap
We are ready to make beats. As always.
Today it's a change of plan
We have cool samples and also some samples from...
videos!
We will watch them together with you, and show our reactions
see your reactions
No, we won't
Well and then we will chop it up again and again as usual
We brought our samples. Let's check them out
We'll start with mine because they come first
Bacc3... bhg2120... the name is too difficult
It's the error notification
Yesterday I wanted to make house and I thought why not?
You mean chaos?
Chaos?
It's called True that's why I tool it
This is how the truth sounds
The next sample
Latino bass
We had similar bass in Latino Summer pack
But Sergey played it with a real bass
Aaaand here is the video!
This is why I chose it
And she's going to rap in your house pack, right?
That's cool!
He did his homework!
Ok, let's move on. Start up HD
This is the sound from your childhood!
And the last one
[Our bottlephone works similarly to trombone]
[It produces sounds with air vibrations]
[And now we'll try to play a melody, for example...]
[It does not work that well so far. But you need to practice as with any other instrument]
You wanted to crop the flute from here, right?
Yeap
Played the doodle!
And these are samples from our subscriber! Can you pronounce his name?
HauNguyen
We will write it here or there
The name is original, in the author's language
It's a nice loop!
What?
You see I'm speaking...
Seems like there's something we didn't know about you
This is another sample from Nguyen
This is really cool man, thank you! The samples are awesome!
Now your samples
Sample #1
I knew you'll take them!
What do you think we could chop from here?
This is...
Probably how beatbox in Russia began
Everything about this video is amazing, the footage, these people... Just brilliant!
We can crop something in between the beat
Video #3
It may be enough for the whole scene if it's cropped and fat drums are added
The guy rocks!
Actually he sings really fine
Not so much funny as it is good. It can be used as vocal samples
Do you know he performed at Coachella?
At Coachella?
I only know he sang that in Walmart
That's right. And later they invited him to Coachella
And also he was given a grant in any Florida college
And when they asked him why he had chosen Walmart
He said that this was the only store in their town that's why he decided to sing in it
That sound in the end is a hat! Definitely!
The long and opened hat!
I love how he tried to save the situation like this
Ok. Sava's sample #1
Awesome! I think I heard it million times everywhere, especially in hardstyle tracks
It's even with drums!
Is it yours?
It's mine
This one!
Cool. Ok
You asked to bring it and
Yes, you asked and I did
Let's go further. Sample #4
Should we beep the n-word?
And the f-word too. We should beep them all
We will pretend we don't understand
What language is it?
A guy came to KFC and tells a cool story
The next one is my old sketch. I made it when I had a seven strings guitar
We have so much samples today
Yeah
We even have drums
Ok then, we've listened them all
Did you notice what we all are wearing today?
Denim Team!
Blue shirts team!
Except for him
We are ready to start, aren't we?
Yo guys, we've finished. We are full of energy and ready to show you everything
Sava, what samples did you use the most?
My samples
Talking samples
And what style have you ended up with?
Hip-hop
What's your todays top-pick sample?
Black guys
African American
Did you make anything special like the last time?
Nah
Everything is natural just like the last time
Let's then start with you
Ok
Come on!
Nice!
And also as an experiment I made a separate track with a KFC guy
who tells how he tried and did not like it
The beat matches perfectly with it
It sound like Krovostok
These chords you were playing, where did you get them?
These are from my guitar, they are pitched and spread
So you came up using your guitar samples
Yes, I used my guitar, I did not take it for nothing
Applause!
Tell us how you made it!
Wait, I need to see it
Did you use a limiter or an equalizer?
I wanted to make a house track. But I didn't make it because of this woman
who says Open the f*** up, she shifted me to hip-hop
and I ended up not using this sample at all
Today we are overloaded with samples
Yes, right
And because there are tons of samples we don't know what to do
Well I used these guys with tongues as a pad instrument
I'll show it now
I got it! You mean these Russian guys
Yeah
Why do you think they are Russian?
I don't know
They have Russian faces
Slavic faces
And I think they were wearing a uniform
Great!
This is my hip-hop
It's great, I like how you tuned this sax
And I've spent much time to adjust the key
It's really bad, we need to do something with it
And me, I failed to match anything with these guys
And threw them out
Now it's my turn
And you need this
I need a jack
I need a jack
Daniel's
Jack Daniel's
Is this going to...
mess up the microphone?
Open the f*** up
The mike doesn't work but whatever
You'll just show it, right?
So this is the Beat Cypher!
I think the best pack is the one you made
Me?
You. You tuned it perfectly
It's in harmony
But actually it's for audience to decide
This is French fries
So we finished, played everything we made. The choice is yours, guys!
Send your samples, write comments and suggestions
And bye!
[It does not work that well so far. But you need to practice as with any other instrument]
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Anne-Marie - Ciao Adios - Fingerstyle Guitar Cover - Duration: 3:41.
Spotify and TAB links in description!
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
Nah ah ah
Ask you once, ask you twice now
There's lipstick on your collar
You say she's just a friend now
Then why don't we call her
So you wanna go home with someone
To do all the things you used to do to me
I swear, I know you do
Used to take me out, in your fancy car
And make out in the rain
And when I ring you up, don't know where you are
'Til I hear her say your name
Used to sing along, when you played guitar
That's a distant memory
Hope she treats you better than you treated me
Ha.
I'm onto you, yeah you
I'm not your number one
I saw you, with her
Kissing and having fun
If you're giving her all of your money and time
I'm not gonna sit here wasting mine on you, yeah, you
Ciao adios, I'm done
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done
After three, after four times
Why did I bother?
Tell me how many more times
Does it take to get smarter?
Don't need to deny the hurt and the lies
And all of the things that you did to me
I swear, I know you did
And now you take her out, in your fancy car
And you make out in the rain
And when she rings you up, she know where you are
But I know differently
Now she sings along, when you play guitar
Making brand new memories
Hope you treat her better than you treated me
I'm onto you, yeah you
I'm not your number one
I saw you, with her
Kissing and having fun
If you're giving her all of your money and time
I'm not gonna sit here wasting mine on you, yeah, you
Ciao adios, I'm done (I'm done)
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
(no no no no) Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done
If you're giving her all of your money and time
I'm not gonna sit here wasting mine on you, yeah, you
Ciao adios, I'm done
And now you take her out, in your fancy car
And make out in the rain
And when she rings you up, she know where you are
But I know differently
Now she sings along, when you play guitar
Making brand new memories
Hope you treat her better than you treated me
I'm onto you, yeah you
I'm not your number one
I saw you, with her
Kissing and having fun
If you're giving her all of your money and time
I'm not gonna sit here wasting mine on you, yeah, you
Ciao adios, I'm done (I'm done)
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
(Yeah-ah-ah-ah-ah) Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done (ah)
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
(you get on with your life) Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh
Ciao adios, I'm done
(I'll get on with my life) Ciao adios, I'm done
If you're giving her all of your money and time
I'm not gonna sit here wasting mine on you, yeah, you
Ciao adios, I'm done
Lyrics from: https://genius.com
Please support Eddie by buying his guitar tabs and streaming his songs on Spotify and Apple Music! (Links in description)
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PLZ Sub-scribe Now My Channel
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How To Master English Conversations - Learn English Online - Duration: 1:11.
How To Master English Conversations - Learn English Online. Conversation the skill everybody wants to improve in English but what exactly
is it really there are five main parts speaking listening vocabulary asking
questions and nonverbal communication you can't just improve one of these
skills because that's not conversation you need to know how to speak how to
express yourself but at the same time you need to be a good an especially
active listener to understand what other people are saying and know how to react
vocabulary you can't to get anywhere if you don't have the vocabulary to
communicate in the conversation asking questions obviously you can't speak the
entire time really in a good conversation you will ask questions that
allow the other person to continue to speak and for you to listen learn and
react nonverbal communication this kind of stuff making eye contact using your
hands expressing yourself without words in ways that build healthy conversations
that you enjoy so pick your topic and let's improve your conversation
you
you
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