Google Sheets has several date functions built-in that just extract
different parts from a date. They go in order. They're pretty obvious once you
see the first few. YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND. A date and a time in
Google sheets can have all of these elements or just a few and they're
represented by a number. Let's use this chart to figure out exactly what's going
on behind the scenes when Google sheets is getting a date. The first example
is just regular date typed in with slashes. Sheets sees this just like you
would expect it would to, July 30th 2016. Underneath, it's really just 42,581
which is the way sheets stores numbers so that it can do arithmetic on them.
If you format it as a date you're going to see July 30th. The next one shows
that if you use dashes it still recognizes it. The third example is the
way that you type in an exact date and time into sheets. I did it by using
slashes like what's in row 7 and then just typing in the time. It's able to
extract all of that and if, for example, you just want the hour, it gives you the
hour in military time. It's 1400 hours. There's no AM and PM so it has to use a 24
hour day. The next example shows that you can type it in in English and
it'll recognize it in the exact same way that it does in rows 7 & 8.
Row 11 is going to show you how it does times without a date. When it
does a time, it puts it at 1899. This is a starting point for Google sheets where
it starts its serial number for a date. If you go before this, it uses negative
numbers. If you use no date, and just a time, it puts you in 1899, at December 30th,
1899. This function is kind of interesting because I'm combining things.
Here I use the NOW function which returns what it is right now. You can
tell I'm doing this on a Sunday afternoon and it's splitting
that apart. If I were to refresh this and come in later, that second value would
change. Actually, let me refresh this right now and see what happens. 14 16 33 I hit
F5 to refresh it, 14 16 28. I think we just traveled back
in time. Oh, there we go. It refreshed. The NOW function - you're
watching it live, how it works. Pretty cool. This is the TODAY function and it
returns just today's date. If you look, the hour, minute, and second are blank.
For 8, it's purposely blank and that shows you that if it's blank it's the
same as typing a zero. Let me type in a zero - still December 30th 1899. If you
just move that up by one it moves you to December 31st of the same year. If you do a
quarter, this will just help you understand how it stores time a little
bit better. It's still that 1899 date but if
you format this as time. If you made 6:00 a.m., which is a quarter of a day, you
can see that here as well - 6 a.m. Also, I thought it was interesting if I
just type in a number because underneath it's actually working in
numbers. We type in 43,000 and Sheets can tell you, if this was a day, it would be
September 22nd, 2017.

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