(Chords Of Autumn Leaves)
- Hi everybody, my name is Jens Larsen.
You probably agree with me that one of the things
that makes jazz harmony really beautiful
is that we can make the sound of the chord really rich
with extensions and alterations.
In this video, I'm going to show you first
a basic set of Drop 2 Voicings that you can use
if you wanna play the song Autumn Leaves.
And then I'm gonna go over a few different versions of this
adding more and more extensions and alterations
and different sounds.
And that way show you of course
how you work with adding extensions and alterations
but also, give you sort of a practical idea
about how these different things sounds
because adding really a lot of alterations and extensions
can really make it more of a theory lesson
than maybe something that you wanna hear
in a context where you know it.
Which is why Autumn Leaves is such a good example.
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The first thing that I'm going to do
is that I'm just gonna go over the basic Drop 2 Voicings
that you need to play to first eight part of Autumn Leaves.
And those will be the chords without any extensions at all.
And then, the rest of the five different versions
that I've made, I'm gonna talk about
how I'm adding more and more color
by adding extensions and alterations,
where they're placed in the chord, how they work,
and where you get them from.
And of course, the last version
is gonna be so colored that maybe
it's kinda hard to hear that it's Autumn Leaves.
(simple jazz music) (chord progressions)
The first set of versions
are just the basic chords.
There are no alterations.
There are no extensions added.
And that's really just because
if we have this basic set down,
then it's a lot easier to start molding it
and finding some places where we can add chords
and we have an idea about what the song really sounds like.
It's good to go down to the basics for that reason.
All the chords that I'm using here
are in the beginning Drop 2 Voicings.
And they're all found on the top string set.
The reason why I'm staying with the top string set here
is because it's easier to add extensions
if you don't go too low.
If you're a little bit low on the neck
or low on the string sets then it can also become
a little bit difficult to add the extensions
without it getting muddy.
Without it sort of clashing with
the lower basic power of the chord.
The first chord is this C minor 7.
(strumming)
And then F7 (strumming)
And then I move to this B flat Major 7 up here.
(strumming)
So of course, when I'm down here,
I could have gone to this B flat Major 7
(strumming)
but this voicing has the B flat on top
and the a under it.
And that's maybe not the most constant interval.
So, we can just as easily move this voicing
up to this B flat major 7 so that's what I did.
(strumming)
Then we get this E flat major 7.
(strumming)
A half-diminished. (strumming)
Then D7.
(strumming)
And then the G minor six.
(strumming)
So here was a G minor six
Autumn Leaves is in G minor.
And when you're playing a tonic minor chord
so really the root of the key
then it makes more sense to
make that into a tonic minor chord.
In jazz, usually, that's a minor six or a minor major chord
so here I think the minor six is a little bit more
working better as a resolution.
It's a little bit more consonant.
So that's why I'm using that one.
I could have used like a minor major
(strumming)
but I think this (strumming)
works more as a resolution.
So that's why I'm using that one.
And then after that we get a G7
to take us back to the second eight.
(strumming)
(jazz music)
In this second example
I've started to add some nines and 11s
and the way that really works
is if you wanna add a nine to a chord
then you take the original voicing
so if we take the C minor 7 here
(strumming)
now I wanna have a nine in here,
so the nine of a C is a D.
And the easiest way to add that to the chord
is to just replace the root with the ninth
and then that way I get this voicing
(strumming)
so that's also the first voicing I'm using
so C minor nine (strumming)
and then F nine, so again just,
this was the F in the original voicing
I'm now adding a G instead so that's this voicing.
(strumming)
And then the B flat Major 7 with a nine.
So here I'm actually now using
what could have been this voicing
and then replacing the B flat with a C
so I get this voicing (strumming)
and then the closest on a E flat Major 7 with a nine.
That would be this one.
So you could notice that when I'm playing
an E flat Major 7 with a nine
that in fact that's the same as a G minor 7
because I don't have to play the root anymore.
So if you take an E flat Major 7 like this
(strumming)
and then replace the root with a nine
then you actually get a minor 7
from the third of the chord
so that's a G minor 7.
Then the A half-diminished.
So that was the original voicing
and then I'm adding an 11.
I'm doing that by substituting the third with the 11.
(strumming)
And then we get a D 7 flat nine flat 13
that's this one. (strumming)
And a G minor 6/9 (strumming)
so again, identical to the original voicing
but now I just have
instead of the G I have an A here in the voicing.
And then we get a G7 flat nine flat 13.
(strumming)
And really with a G7 here,
I started with this voicing in the last example
and then instead of the root,
I add the flat nine
and instead of the fifth, I have a flat 13.
On the A half-diminished, I'm adding an 11
(strumming) and not a nine.
And the reason why I'm adding the 11
instead of another extension here
is that the nine that you would have in the scale
in this case because A half-diminished
is a part of a cadence in G minor.
The nine that we would
so to get out of that scale would be a B flat.
And that's maybe not the nicest note to have at that point.
So we get this sound (strumming)
with the base note if I play the base note under it
So therefore, I'm using another extension
an another extension, that's the 11 here.
The D7 that follows it, I also colored
and I would kinda be taking this basic D7
and then I'm exchanging the fifth for a flat 13.
And the root for a flat nine then we'll get this.
I think I forgot to mention that.
As you will see in the next example,
you can use a natural nine on an A half-diminished
but in that way, you start really to change
the sound of the chord
and also, use a different scale on that chord
and that way move a little bit away from the song.
(funky jazz music)
The third example is starting to add more extensions
per chord, so for each of the chords, we have four notes.
And most of the time I wanna have the third
and the 7th in tact
so you can really hear what chord it is.
And then for the root and the fifth
I start messing around with exchanging them for other notes
to add extensions.
And in the second example, I was mostly just exchanging
the nine for the root
but of course, you can also exchange the fifth with a 13
or an 11.
And that's what I'm doing here in this third example.
On the first chord, the C minor
so instead of playing a C minor nine,
I'm now playing a C minor 11.
Which is a bit of a stretch maybe
But I have of course the nine as in the previous one
and then I have exchanged the fifth with the 11 here.
(strumming)
The D 7 is turned into a D 7 flat nine 13.
So it's this sound.
And that's really the use of
a diminished sounding dominant.
That works really well in this context actually.
Also, because we have sort of the contrary motion
of these two voices (strumming)
within the chords when I'm moving
from C minor 7 to F7.
(strumming)
Then I'm resolving that to this B flat
and that's a B flat Major 7 with a nine and a 13.
So I think in the previous one
we had this one. (strumming)
And now I have substituted the fifth with a 13
and I'm moving it up to this E flat Major 7 with a nine
and now we get an A half-diminished in here
I've chosen to, in this case,
substitute the third with a natural nine
so a B and that way we're really changing the sound
of what is happening at this point in the song.
So that's this sound.
So that's coming out of melodic minor.
This is kind of a chord
that's coming out of C melodic minor.
You will also notice that
when I have this top note in the melody
and it doesn't actually fit.
If you check the melody
then the melody here will be a C.
So it doesn't really fit with the melody anymore.
This is moving to D7
(strumming)
with a flat nine and a flat five.
And this is coming out of the altered scale
Well actually you can also see
this is being out of the diminished scale.
But I think that in the context
it sounds more like an altered scale.
And then I'm resolving that to a G minor major
so (strumming)
and then we're also gonna add a six in there or a 13
and then the final chord is a G 7 sharp nine flat five
which is coming out of the altered scale.
(funky upbeat jazz music)
Of course, it's not only about which notes
and which extensions that we're adding to the chord.
It's also about how we lay them out
when we're playing the chords.
So how we voice those notes when we're playing it.
And sometimes, when you wanna add a lot of extensions
and get a specific sound from a chord
then it makes sense to also use all of the voicings
the Drop 2 voicings because they work quite well
but they are a little bit more connected to the
more traditional jazz sounds.
So that's also what I'm doing here in the fourth example.
This first voicing is this (strumming)
voicing for C minor 7
and this is really of a obstructor idea
So we have an e flat which is just the third
and the up structure is an upper structure triad
that's a B flat major triad.
In the second inversion here
and really this gives us a C minor 7
we have this second interval
that's really a big part of the sound on this chord
and for the rest it has an 11
and here have a 7 and then we have a nine
so it's really just C minor 7 with a nine and 11
And I'm moving that into this F7
which is an F7 with a flat 13 and a flat nine
and that's just the Drop 2 voicing
and then we get this B flat major 7 with a sharp 11
(strumming)
so again this is kinda coming out of
this B flat Major 7 with a nine
that I really use a lot.
That's one of my favorite voicings.
But you can also exchange, in this case
the fifth with the sharp 11 to get this Lydian sound
But of course, here we're really changing the sound
of the song
There's no shadow living of Autumn Leaves at this point
But you can add this as a color if you want to.
The B flat major 7 sharp 11
is voiced into an E flat major 7 with a nine and a 13
that's this voicing (strumming)
and from here I'd move into an A half-diminished
and now I have an A half-diminished where
Ive replaced the third with the 11
and the root with a natural nine
so we have this sound.
(strumming)
and this is going into an altered D7
so that's this D7
and the D7 here is with a flat five
and a sharp nine
and then I'm resolving that to this G minor major.
Where here, actually I'm taking away extensions
from this chord.
And I'm just playing a basic minor major.
But because I really wanna have
(dissonant strumming) this sound
so instead of using an extension
I'm just putting some chord tones next to each other
and that way making the sound a little more interesting
and then I'm moving that into this
G7 with a flat nine and a flat five.
You can see that this G7 voicing is really just a D flat
so it's kinda just like a tritone substitution
and you can of course also play it as that.
But you can also just think of it as being a G7
with a flat nine and a flat five.
(complex jazz music)
The first four examples were really focusing
mostly on still keeping the harmony moving
and trying to make voicings that would sorta
lead into each other and here, the last example,
I'm really starting to work more on
just considering each chord a sound
and more of a modal approach
and really just focusing on how does this chord sound
and try to make that interesting.
And a little bit less thinking about
how I go to the next chord or how it really connects.
And that's of course an option to do it like that as well.
If you check out, especially all the later Herbie Hancock,
Tony Williams, Ron Carter, the Miles Davis quintet period
where they play standards,
then this is really how they tend to treat most standards.
And it's a nice way to also have another approach
and to get some really nice colors out on top of the chords.
So the first chord I'm playing here is a C minor with a 13.
So that's a C minor with an 11 and a 13.
You could look at this as being
well, basically, coming out of this C minor 7
and then I replaced the fifth with the 11
and the root with the 13. (strumming)
And then that moves into this F7 altered.
(strumming)
And the thing is, when you have a C minor with a 13,
so the point of a C minor in terms of this sort of
functioning how a two-five-one moves is to delay the A,
because the A is what's gonna tell us now we're on the F7.
But if we put the A into the chord,
then we're kinda ruining that part of it
But we kinda compensate a little bit
by just making the F7 really a dominant chord
with a lot of alterations so that you can still clearly hear
that we are moving to
sort of the next part of the progression.
And that's kinda what I am doing here.
So that's also just why I am ending up with this
flat five sharp nine F7
That's just a Drop 2 Voicing.
Then I move into, and here I am playing an incomplete
B flat major 7 with a sharp 11.
And that's this one.
(strumming)
And that's just root sharp 11 Major 7 and then a nine.
You could of course, look at this as coming out of
this chord and then changing the third into a nine
and the fifth into a sharp 11.
But of course, there's also more ways to look at it
And also, the way that it resolves
is really just (strumming)
we have this F7, and I'm resolving it,
actually up to a C7 13 almost, with a B flat in the base.
So that's the kinda sound that you get.
It's a really different sound.
Then just to make the whole thing breathe a little bit
I'm just using a normal E flat Major 7
with a nine and a 7.
Now I changed two chords here
I'm re-harmonizing the cadence to G minor.
And what I've done is I've added an extra II V
So that is an B flat minor, E flat 7
and I'm playing it up here
so first this (strumming)
B flat minor 7 with an 11
and then turn that into an E flat 7 with a nine
and then moving up to,
instead of playing an A half-diminished
and also just sort of to take it a little further away
I'm using an A minor 7 with a nine
which really doesn't belong in G minor
which is also kinda the point here.
And then moving that into a
D 7 with a flat 13 and a sharp nine
And that's actually kinda pardoning back towards the G minor
and now my G minor chord,
because that's really where we expect to resolve
I've changed that into sort of a G minor chord
that you don't come across too often.
And that's this voicing (strumming)
That's a G minor 7 with a nine and a six
Sorry, it's a G minor six with a nine and a sharp 11.
And this is kinda coming out of D harmonic minor scale
so it's a real different sound.
And I'm really just trying to create a surprise.
This again, is just coming out of just thinking in terms of
how can I color this chord to get that to stand out
or really give it it's own place in the progression
without thinking about how the harmony is really moving
or whether its a dominant or anything
It's just thinking about, this is a nice color for about.
And then I'm moving into this G 7 sharp nine
with a natural fifth, perfect fifth,
and that means that this is probably coming out of
the diminished type of sound.
And actually this voicing, is again,
a B flat first inversion trial over a B.
So it's an upper structure.
A triad upper-structure.
To me, one of the things that I find fun
about playing jazz and accompanying behind other people
is the fact that I can actually also
work with coloring the chords in different ways.
And of course, it depends on the soloist
and it also depends on how you're playing the song.
If you're playing Autumn Leaves as a slow Bossa Nova,
then maybe you don't want to go all out on the
tonic minor shop living cult
But at the same time, the fact that you have this
freedom and that you can try
and make that into sort of a musical statement
behind somebody else.
And together with the rest of the rhythm section
is something that I find really a lot of fun to do.
And of course, if you have a way of approaching this,
because now I've gone over kinda two approaches
in the way that the first part of this
is really about just different functions,
and really keeping the chords in tact.
And the second approach is much more
just about looking at the chord
and finding some interesting colors.
So how do you work with this?
If you have some idea,
if you have a certain type of tonic chord
or one of the other chords that you really like
that I didn't talk about,
then leave a comment on that
I know a few that I didn't talk about
that I use quite a lot.
And maybe I can do that in another video.
But I'm of course, always curious what you guys think
and what ideas you have.
And in general, I find that there is a lot of useful
information being shared on my videos in the comments.
So if you found this video interesting,
then that's definitely something that you want to check out.
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