As some of you might know, I grew up in Hawaii.
I'm super white, before you ask.
And a while back, when talking about former independent countries that became states,
I said…
But because of that, I know Hawaiian history ad nauseum, ready?
Be more excited please.
Well I hope you're excited now because we're about to- Eh, hui.
Eh bruddah you try for make one video?
Uh yeah.
You bettah respect da aina or you get one false crack!
Okay, I'm pretty sure only like half of that was English.
F***in haole.
What does that even mean, people have been calling me that my entire life!
Hawaii!
This video is brought to you by Skillshare.
Hawaii is an island chain located in the middle of the Pacific, it's the northern tip of
the Polynesian Triangle, which also connects to Rapa Nui, more commonly known as Easter
Island, and Aotearoa or New Zealand.
All of the people in this triangle share a similar language and culture with small differences
here and there.
The first Hawaiians arrived around 300 BC, most likely from the Marquesas Islands.
The second wave arrived from Tahiti around 1000 AD and they brought their language and
religion with them.
And we'll get to what those are in a bit.
Old white historians dismiss the possibility that the Polynesians knew where they were
going and instead describe finding Hawaii as an accident.
Polynesians did know how to sail using celestial navigation – but it's not like they knew
where Hawaii was and once they got there, they never went back.
We know that two waves arrived in Hawaii, but we have no idea how many waves left Tahiti.
There may have been dozens or even hundreds of unsuccessful… lost voyages.
So aside from that, Hawaii was pretty much isolated for several thousand years.
At least until 1778, when British explorer Captain James Tiberius K – James Cook – "discovered"
them.
At least for the outside world.
He named them the Sandwich Isles after the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, but noted that the
natives called it Owyhee – so take Hawaii and like…
He landed here, on the island of Kauai, and here's where we're going to talk about
the geography a bit.
The Pacific plate is moving in this direction, so the hot spot in the middle of the plate
has been moving this way, creating new volcanic islands every few thousand years.
As you move down the chain, the newer the islands are, until you get to this one, Hawaii,
more commonly known as the Big Island, home of the currently erupting volcano Kilauea.
This is why all of the islands are called Hawaii, after this one.
Kinda like how New York state is named after New York C – you get it.
This also happens to be where Captain Cook was killed in 1779.
If you haven't seen the Drunk History episode on how it went down, you should.
They take some comedic license with it, but that's pretty much how it happened.
He's kind of the Columbus of the Pacific and is regarded in much the same way by the
various natives he encountered – he even "discovered" New Zealand and mapped the
east coast of Australia.
Just to put this into some historical perspective, this all happened at the same time as the
American Revolutionary War.
James Cook landed in Hawaii at the same time that George Washington was freezing in Valley
Forge.
The islands were divided up and ruled by various chiefs known as ali'i.
One of these districts was ruled by Kamehameha – Kaaaaa- Stop!
We don't have time for that joke.
Seriously it takes him like 20 minutes to say it unless you speed it up.
We all get the reference, haha.
Kamehameha got two white advisors to provide him with guns and ships and began conquering
the islands in a campaign that would last 15 years.
In Hawaiian history, it's usually portrayed as a peaceful unification but, it wasn't.
One of the battles on Maui is known as the Damming of the Waters, because so many bodies
piled up that they created an obstruction on a river.
Fiction often draws from historical fact.
At the Battle of Nu'uanu on O'ahu, Kamehameha's army forced several hundred enemy soldiers
off the back of a cliff at spear and gun point.
Again, that actually happened.
After this, the remaining islands joined peacefully, creating the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810.
Kamehameha loved everything about the west and especially Great Britain.
So in 1816, when he ordered the first Hawaiian flag to be made, it looked like this, with
the Union Jack in the corner.
Kamehameha considered himself to be a British subject and believed the islands to be a British
protectorate.
And he set up the government in the same confusing constitutional monarchy with a parliament
system.
The British never made any claim to the islands and denied controlling them, but did express
their continual friendship.
Hawaiians believed that for chiefs and kings to maintain the mana in their royal blood
line, they needed to marry from within the family.
You know, like the Targaryens.
Which caused all the same problems you would expect, including miscarriages, stillbirths,
and even sterility.
So when Kamehameha died in 1819, he was the first and last King of Hawaii to have any
children.
You can't have a family tree that looks like this and expect your dynasty to rule
forever.
His son, Liholiho or Kamehameha II is important because he abolished the Hawaiian religion
six months into his reign.
It was known as the Kapu System and it governed everything from what women were allowed to
eat to which fish you were allowed to catch to even what happens to you if you touch a
chief.
All of which were punishable by death by the way.
Unless you could get to a Pu'uhonua, which was a special temple that… was kind of like
base in tag.
If you made it there, you were safe and absolved of breaking the kapu.
Kamehameha II broke this with the simple act of eating with his mother, what were they
going to do, kill him?
It's not like they chipped away at it over time, it was just poof, gone overnight.
The only thing that kind of remained was the caste system, much like the one you know of
from India, except there were no untouchables and now anyway, no more priests.
This opened the door to missionaries because Hawaii literally had no religion.
They still had a mythology, complete with their own little version of leprechauns called
menehune, but look, this isn't like some white guy talking about the uncivilized savages,
they literally abolished the religion.
And killed the priests and anyone else who refused to give it up.
The missionaries arrived after all of this, they didn't cause it; the Hawaiians willingly
gave it up and westernized.
It wasn't forced on them, just keep that in the back of your mind.
The first missionaries arrived from Boston in 1820 and were sponsored by the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and were mostly Presbyterian.
Mormons arrived later in 1850 on the island of Lanai, and later moved to Laie on Oahu,
founding BYU Hawaii and the Polynesian Cultural Center.
But let's follow that first group, since they're the ones who had the most difficult
task.
In order to teach the bible, you first have to teach language – which is even more difficult
when you consider the fact that Hawaii didn't have a written language yet.
So before everything else, they had to invent that too.
The Hawaiian language has twelve letters.
All five of the vowels, A, E, I, O, and U.
And just seven consonants, H, K, L, M, N, P, and W, which doubled as both a U sound
and a V sound.
There's also another important character that you'll see everywhere, the apostrophe.
Which signals a vocal break between vowel sounds.
Like oo-ah instead of ua.
So the official name of Hawaii is Hawai'I, bu tin practice no one calls it that, it's
Hawaii.
Only haoles pronounce it Hawaii, Butters.
Right so, let's talk about that word as well.
Everyone knows aloha, it's the traditional greeting and also means goodbye.
It means the breath of life or the presence of breath, ha meaning breath.
Haole means without breath and it's typically used for foreigners – not just white people,
all foreigners.
It's unclear if it was meant as a derogatory term at first, it just meant those who don't
participate in the traditional Hawaiian greeting.
But it's definitely derogatory now.
You don't want to be a haole.
And there's no quicker way to make yourself look like one than to go around trying to
pronounce the words in traditional Hawaiian.
We have many customs and traditions to keep our culture alive.
We drink chi-chis from the coconut.
Right, maybe things have changed, but when I lived in Hawaii chi-chis were something
very different.
Man she had the biggest chi-chis I had ever seen.
Which the missionaries did convince everyone to cover up because they were immodest.
And outlawed the hula in 1830 for being too suggestive.
In 1841, they founded the Punahou School mostly for their own children, separate from the
natives.
It has somewhat of a reputation for being the rich kids' school and went on to educate
a future president.
Kamehameha II was only king for five years before dying and passing the throne to Kamehameha
III, who was the longest reigning monarch.
It was under his reign that the first constitution was written in 1840 and the watershed, defining
moment in Hawaiian history took place.
It's the Irish Potato Famine and American Civil War of Hawaii and is known as the Great
Mahele.
What Kamehameha II did for the ancient religion and culture, Kamehameha III did for land division.
Prior to this, land was divided up into ahupua'as, which stretched from the mountains to the
sea and was ruled by an ali'i or chief.
It was kind of a feudal system.
These are actually pretty close to the current-day city boundaries, now that I look at it.
I went to high school right here, on the boundary between "Two Seas" and "Bamboo Boy."
Anyway, the Great Mahele undid all of this and introduced the idea of private land ownership.
Anybody could file a claim for their own little homestead.
But doing so required you to be literate, to be able to pay the fee, and pay for someone
to survey the land that you were trying to claim.
Most commoners weren't able to do so, but you know who was?
Rich, white, foreigners.
The Great Mahele passed in 1848 and there was a two year moratorium on any foreigners
claiming land in order to allow the natives time to stake their claim.
In the end, less than one percent of the land went to Native Hawaiians and two-thirds of
it to foreign sugar plantations.
It's important to note that unlike during previous European conquests, this land wasn't
stolen.
It was legally purchased from the native government.
Before European arrival, Hawaiians mostly relied on taro, a root vegetable that would
be mashed up into poi.
If it helps, taro was to Hawaii what the potato was to Ireland, analogies are fun.
But once trade opened up to the outside world, Hawaii became known for its sandalwood and
as a whaling station.
A whaling expedition would take 3-4 years and would anchor in Hawaii to refit and participate
in all sorts of tomfoolery and skullduggery.
Much to the dismay of the missionaries.
Whaling went into decline when people discovered that you could burn fossil fuels, which happened
to coincide with the rise of sugar.
And to a lesser extent pineapples, but mostly sugar.
Hawaii became the primary exporter of sugar to America.
Especially during the Civil War when the North had trouble getting it from the Caribbean.
Almost all of the arable land, and even some of the non-arable land, was converted into
sugar plantations.
Unfortunately, with the rise of sugar, came the rise of rats.
The rat population exploded and severely damaged the sugarcane crop and costing enough money
that getting rid of them became a priority.
But in the time before commercially available pesticides, their only real option was biological
control.
So which animal would you party up with if you're trying to control rats?
The Europeans chose the mongoose, because its high mobility and damage stat made it
a great candidate for dealing with smaller builds like the rat.
They wasted no time importing mongooses from Jamaica.
But they failed to ask the question: How will this affect the meta?
Adding a new predatory class to an island server is a classic recipe for destabilizing
the metagame.
The new mongoose playerbase quickly became top tier in the region and had no losing matchups
in the entire Hawaiian server, BUT to the dismay of the human players the rats actually
were mostly unaffected by their introduction.
Why?
Well, because the mongoose playerbase is most active during the daytime, while the rats
opt for a nocturnal playstyle.
Even though mongooses could indeed body rats in combat, they hardly ever get the chance.
Instead, mongoose players griefed the native bird playerbase super hard, in some cases
completely invalidating certain builds like the o'o and mamo.
Mongooses can be an effective party member for dealing with certain matchups, just not
rats.
If snakes were ever the issue, they'd present an effective counter.
But for rats, I'd suggest a nocturnal build with similar stats and abilities to the mongoose.
Like, for example, ferrets!
That is why these were domesticated after all…
Ow!
But while they converted the land into a sugarcane monoculture, the labor needs of the plantations
resulted in an extremely diversified human culture.
The Native Hawaiians suffered the same decline due to disease as other native groups.
Small pox, measles, influenza, even leprosy took the lives of 90% of the native population
In 1866, they had to establish a leper colony on the Kalaupapa peninsula of Molokai, which
lasted until 1969.
So, much like the railroads, they had to import labor in from elsewhere, mainly the Chinese,
Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos, and even Portuguese.
These people mixed their cultures together which resulted in this breakfast that you
can get at McDonald's in Hawaii, complete with two scoops of rice.
As in ice cream scoop scoops of rice.
Portuguese sausage – which is just regular sausage but kind of spicier – and spam.
Because there's nothing more Hawaiian than spam.
If there's one thing I miss about Hawaii, it's the food.
If someone can figure out a way to get me a kalua pork school lunch, I'll marry you…
email me or something.
But it's also pretty apparent in the language.
These people from all over the world learned to communicate using Hawaiian Pidgin, which
is a creole of broken English, Filipino- Ey that's why we all kine talk like dat
ah?
Yeah… the pineapple's right there how are you-
Shoots…
That's not how works bruh.
What?
You like beef?
Who are you?
I'm your Uncle Try Know Bettah.
No!
No… we're not doing characters, especially not racist ones.
I just got a whole bunch of new subs- Hawaii!
What am I going to do with two pineapples?!
That diversity is still evident today, which is why white people only make up about 25%
of the state's population.
But by the end of the sugar rush, they owned 90% of the land – all thanks to the Great
Mahele.
When Kamehameha III died, the throne went to his nephew, Kamehameha IV.
He only lasted eight years, then it passed to his brother Kamehameha V, who only lasted
nine.
Then, thanks to all the incest, they had to elect someone from the extended family – Lunalilo,
also known as The People's King.
He was Kamehameha the Great's grandnephew and step son and only reigned for 13 months.
I can't imagine why.
This was the end of the Kamehameha dynasty, after him they had to hold an election open
to all of the upper class, and David Kalakaua won in 1883.
He's known as the Merrie Monarch, and yes, it is spelled that way, and his coronation
lifted the ban on hula.
Which is why there is an annual hula competition known as the Merrie Monarch Festival.
He also built Iolani Palace, the only actual royal palace on US soil
Kalakaua was also notoriously corrupt – like Grant-level corrupt.
He'd buy votes with gin, took kickbacks on the opium trade – just a generally all
around corrupt guy.
So behind the scenes, many descendants of missionaries and sugar plantation owners created
the Hawaiian League.
They identified themselves as Hawaiian, not American or British or anything else.
Hawaii had gone through several constitutions, but the Hawaiian League forced Kalakaua to
sign yet another one in 1887 known as the Bayonet Constitution.
This cut back on the monarchy's power in the hope of reducing the corruption.
When Kalakaua died in 1891, the throne passed to his sister, Liluokalani, who wanted to
write a new constitution to take back that power… which resulted in the complete overthrow
of the monarchy in 1893.
This was a very complicated situation that resulted in many crossed wires and misunderstandings.
The parliament, made up mostly of rich foreigners, seized control of the government and asked
the United States to help.
Queen Liluokalani told the United States that she would temporarily yield control to the
US until the situation was sorted out.
The United States took that to mean she was ceding power to the parliament, so they sent
US Marines to help them.
There were a few in parliament who wanted to be part of the United States, but annexation
wasn't the primary goal yet and they declared themselves to be the independent Republic
of Hawaii.
They changed the stripes on their flag to this and appointed Sanford Dole, of pineapple
fame, as its president.
In order to secure power, they made a lot of shady rules about who can vote, like requiring
an English literacy test – Gee, where have we seen that before…
In fact, the republic's constitution plagiarized a lot of Mississippi's Reconstruction era
constitution, just aimed at natives and Asians instead.
The United States didn't have much interest in Hawaii as anything other than a trading
partner, at least until the Spanish American War.
They needed a forward naval base and coaling station to help with their invasions of the
Philippines and Guam.
They already had the rights to use Pearl Harbor, but they didn't fully control it.
Near the end of the war, the United States lifted tariffs on sugar and was soon going
to possess several tropical islands capable of growing it.
So in order to keep Hawaiian sugar competitive, they applied for annexation and as we all
know, got it in 1898.
American military presence in the islands grew and became the largest employer on the
island, second only to the state government itself.
So let's talk about Pearl Harbor.
Yesterday, December sev- I'm just kidding, I've already talked about that enough, but
Pearl Harbor wasn't the only place in Hawaii that was attacked that day.
While one of the Japanese planes was returning to the fleet, it was damaged, and crash landed
on the island of Ni'ihau.
The entire island is privately owned by the Robinson family – that's just one of those
facts that you learn while growing up in Hawaii.
A Japanese family working on the island immediately flipped sides and helped the Japanese pilot
fight against the locals.
This became known as the Ni'ihau Incident and was one of the justifications used for
Japanese internment.
The fear being that any Japanese people living on the west coast might also flip sides.
The entire Territory of Hawaii was put under martial law during World War 2, bunkers and
lookout points were placed all around – you can still hike to them today.
But what about this island, the only one I haven't talked about yet?
This is Kaho'olawe and it was used as a test range for bombers and naval ships during
World War 2 and for decades afterwards.
It's completely uninhabited and will likely stay that way for a long time due to all the
unexploded ordnance.
Sugar and pineapple went into decline as the military presence in Hawaii continued to grow,
especially during Korea and Vietnam.
And this is why there are interstates in Hawaii.
I've talked about this before, but interstates connect military bases – going through cities
is just a side benefit.
So on the main island of O'ahu, there are three interstate highways.
H1 connects Hickam Air Force Base to the now closed Barber's Point Naval Air Station.
H2 connects Pearl Harbor to Schofield Barracks and Wheeler Army Air Field.
And H3 connects Pearl Harbor to Marine Corps Base Hawaii at Kaneohe Bay.
I grew up in Hawaii because my dad was in the navy.
It was an interesting multicultural experience, white people are the minority, even with the
military presence.
But it also meant I was on the cutting edge of everything you enjoy about Japan.
This was before the internet, you couldn't just stream whatever anime you wanted, so
they would use Hawaii as a test market before introducing it to the rest of the United States.
Pogs, Power Rangers, Pokemon, even anime, back when it was still called Japanimation.
I grew up watching Sailor Moon every morning before school.
Fighting evil by moonlight, winning love by d- ahem.
Sailor Jupiter was my favorite.
So if you happen to visit Hawaii and stay at Waikiki, you're going to see a total
mix of cultures and probably be shocked to find that most of the island is just a big
city.
If you want the real tropical experience, you're going to have to go to one of the
outer islands.
Please don't make yourself look too much like a tourist.
Don't take disrespectful selfies in front of sacred Hawaiian temples.
Take fancy DSLR photos in front of sacred Hawaiian temples, one of the many skill you
can learn at Skillshare.
There are a number of classes about how to take professional photos on your trip for
every skill level, whether you're a beginner wanting to take candids, instead of a tacky
selfie, or you want to learn how to frame a landscape or monument.
Or if you want to stay in Waikiki and take pictures at the International Marketplace,
they've got you covered.
If you've been watching me for a while or you're a new subscriber going through my
back catalog, you've probably noticed a big change in the way I film.
I wish I had access to Skillshare before, instead of figuring it all out myself.
So if you use go to skl.sh/knowingbetter you can get 2 months of Skillshare's premium
membership for free.
Don't be like these guys.
C'mon freakin tourists…
Geez buy a postcard.
There is still a native sovereignty movement in Hawaii.
But it's also worth asking how much of what happened was brought on by their own monarchs.
The land was legally purchased from the native government, it wasn't stolen.
But the native government was overthrown in a rather shady manner.
There was no formal treaty of annexation, instead it was passed through a joint resolution
of Congress.
It is a state though, you don't need a passport to go visit.
And it really is an interesting experience, Hawaii is a cultural melting pot like no other.
So at least now if you plan to go visit, you won't look too much like an ignorant haole,
because now, you know better.
I'd like to introduce my two new friends, Atlas and Peabody, yes I know it's spelled
different in the game, but I don't want to have to explain the stupid spelling to
normies.
If you're new here, I used to have my previous ferret, Wheatley, doing something cute in
the outro cards, so be on the lookout for that from now on.
I'd like to give a shout out to my two new legendary patrons, Jeremy and Mike.
Make sure to overthrow that subscribe button, follow me on twitter and facebook and join
us on the subreddit.
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