S.P.L.
Sørensen: Google celebrates the creator of pH scale with a Doodle
Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen, the trailblazing chemist who introduced the pH scale to the
world, is celebrated in a Google Doodle.
The Danish scientist introduced the scale as a method for testing the acidity or alkalinity
of a substance, which still has a wide range of real-world uses to this day.
Here, we look at five things you need to know about the scientist.
He almost didn't study chemistry.
The son of a farmer, Sørensen was born in Havrebjerg in 1868 and began his studies at
the University of Copenhagen at the age of 18.
However, rather than chemistry, the young scientist initially had ambitions to forge
his career in the field of medicine.
Under the tutelage of the influential chemist SM Jørgensen, he decided to turn his ambitions
to chemistry.
He didn't spend his whole life in the laboratory
Like most students, Sørensen sought employment to make ends meet as he was working towards
his degree.
While studying for his doctorate, he also acted as assistant in chemistry at the laboratory
of the Danish Polytechnic Institute and assisted in a geological survey of Denmark.
However, in a slightly more unusual step, he also managed to find work as a consultant
at the royal naval dockyard.
He ran probably the best laboratory in the world Sørensen served as the director of
the chemical department at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen from 1901 to 1938.
The laboratory was opened by Carlsberg brewery founder JC Jacobsen in 1875 with the aim of
furthering biochemical knowledge, especially in the field of brewing.
Although many will be thankful to the brewery for its work in the 19th Century isolating
the yeast now used to brew lager, Sørensen made an arguably more important discovery
while working there.
He devised the pH scale.
Sørensen's most notable achievement was his introduction of the pH scale, which is
used to this day to describe the acidity or alkalinity of a substance or solution.
The scientist developed the scale during 1909, developing two methods for measuring acidity
of substances.
Measurements of pH are now important in a variety of fields, including medicine, water
treatment and chemistry.
He had a lot of help from his wife
Throughout his working life, Sørensen was assisted in his studies by his second wife,
Margrethe Høyrup Sørensen, herself a scientist.
Working at the Carlsberg Laboratory, the pair studied lipo proteins and researched the complexes
of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin.
In 1917, the husband and wife became the first people to successfully crystallize egg whites
during an experiment at the lab.
For more infomation >> Danish Chemist S.P.L. Sørensen - Google celebrates the creator of pH scale with a Doodle. - Duration: 3:09.-------------------------------------------
Darius Rucker Will Help the Miami Dolphins Win the Super Bowl - Duration: 2:32.
For more infomation >> Darius Rucker Will Help the Miami Dolphins Win the Super Bowl - Duration: 2:32. -------------------------------------------
Language and the Arrow of Time - Duration: 18:49.
Welcome to the Endless Knot!
Today we're going to look at the direction of time and see if the word arrow can point
the way!
"Time flies like an arrow".
We all know that's not literally true, but it's easily understood by any English speaker.
It's a way of talking about an abstract (time) in terms of something more concrete
(place).
Why do we push meetings back, look forward to tomorrow, fall behind schedule, wait a
long time, and take a short break?.
These ways of understanding the world, known as spatio-temporal metaphors, are introduced
to us so early that they seem completely natural and objective truths, but in fact they're
different from culture to culture, and looking at them closely can open up all sorts of fascinating
avenues to explore.
The phrase time's arrow was coined by English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician Sir
Arthur Eddington in 1928 to describe the asymmetry of time, always flowing from the past to the
future, though the similar phrase arrow of time had already been used in 1917 colloquially
to refer to the ever-flowing nature of time.
Eddington had noted that at the microscopic level processes could be time-symmetric operating
in either direction without breaking any physical laws, but at the macroscopic level things
operated in one direction only, toward the future.
For Eddington this was the result of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics: the
total entropy of a closed system never decreases over time, or to put it another way a closed
system always moves from order to disorder.
Why this asymmetry exists, and why it doesn't on the microscopic level, is still an unsolved
question in physics.
This arrow of time can be seen in many areas of science, including psychology.
We perceive time in only one direction.
We know the past, not the future.
So the cognitive arrow of time, and the language we use to describe it, points in one direction.
However, as we'll see, that direction is variable.
And since we're using an arrow, something that points a direction in space, as a metaphor
to describe which way time points, we should first have a look at the word arrow, and the
arrow as a physical object, and see how it became a symbol, and eventually a metaphor
used in both thought and language to construct our understanding of time.
The word arrow comes from Old English forms earh and arwe (which may have been influenced
in form by Old Norse), which go back to Proto-Germanic *arkhwo and Proto-Indo-European *arku-.
The curious thing about the root *arku- is that it seems to have meant bow and/or arrow.
In the Germanic languages, like English, it produced words with the sense "arrow",
but in Latin it produced arcus meaning "bow", which came down through French and into English
giving us archer and archery, but also arc and arch because of the bow-like shape these
words describe.
The word bow, on the other hand, comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bheug- "to
bend" because of its curved shape.
The Latin word for arrow is sagitta, of unknown origin, possibly from a pre-Latin Mediterranean
language, from which we get the word Sagittarius, the zodiac constellation representing a centaur
with a bow and arrow.
But we'll come back to this word and astrology and other forms of predicting the future.
The bow and arrow is a very ancient technology.
The earliest archaeological evidence of the arrow, which may or may not have been shot
from a bow, was found in the Sibudu cave, located in what is now South Africa, in which
were also found a number of other technological firsts, such as the earliest bed, the earliest
needle, and the earliest compound glue.
This arrow dates to about 64,000 years ago, but the earliest conclusive evidence of an
arrow meant to be shot from a bow, shown by the groove in its base, dates to about 10,000
years ago.
The technology spread worldwide (except perhaps Australia) and was widely used for both hunting
and warfare.
In terms of archery in warfare in the western tradition, it can be found in Greek mythology
(Herakles and Odysseus are both associated with the bow, and it appears in Homeric battles),
but by the later classical period, when formation fighting was predominant, archery in warfare
fell out of use in many Greek cities, and was even associated with foreignness (for
instance the Persians used archers).
Initially archery wasn't really a part of Roman warfare either, but later in the history
of the Empire, the Romans gradually used auxiliary archers drawn from parts of the empire that
did have a history of archery in warfare.
And it could be said that one of the factors of the collapse of the western empire was
the threat posed by the devastatingly effective mounted archers of the Huns.
During the European middle ages archers became important on the battlefield but there was
a class distinction: the nobility were knights, heavily armoured mounted cavalry, because
maintaining the equipment for this, including the horse, was very expensive, and all the
famous stories of chivalry involved the noble class of the knights, whereas the archers
were of the lower classes (Robin Hood and his gang were outlaws so their weapon was
appropriately the bow and arrow).
But eventually the archers won the day, being the decisive factors in battles between the
English and the French such as the Battle of Crécy and the Battle of Agincourt, made
famous in Shakespeare's Henry V, with the English longbow marking the beginning of the
end of the age of chivalry.
Of course archery too became obsolete as firearms were developed, and this is only the briefest
of historical accounts of the bow and arrow, which could also have included for instance
archery in Asia or the Americas or anywhere else in the world.
And there are places named arrow, companies named arrow, and vehicles named arrow, such
as the ship Arrow which was detained in 1856 sparking the Arrow War between Britain and
China, better known as the Second Opium War, and the Avro Arrow fighter jet prototype which
was designed by a Canadian company in the 1950's but ordered destroyed by the Canadian
government in favour of US-designed fighters amid much controversy and even conspiracy
theories.
But we're going to leave these aside and take aim at the arrow as symbol, specifically
a typographical symbol.
As a symbol the arrow shape mimicked the shape of a real arrow, a shaft with a triangular
arrowhead at one end and the fletching (the feathery stabilizing fins) at the other, but
gradually over time the shape became abstracted and streamlined.
There were of course precursors to the arrow symbol that served the same role of pointing
to something, such as picture of a footprint next to a woman's face carved into the pavement
in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus in the first century CE: follow the direction of
the footprint and you'll find the local brothel.
Moving on from feet, if fingers are more your thing, medieval manuscripts are the place
to look.
The image of a pointing finger, called a manicule from Latin manus "hand", was frequently
used in manuscripts to mark or divide sections in the text, a practise that dates back to
the 12th century.
Similarly the Portuguese cartographer Pedro Reinel seems to have established the use of
the fleur-de-lis on the compass rose pointing the cardinal directions, north, south, east,
west.
But the arrow as a typographical symbol really only dates back to the 18th century.
For instance in 1737, the French engineer and pioneer of hydraulics Bernard Forest de
Bélidor published a treatise called Hydraulic Architecture which included technical diagrams
with arrows to indicate the flow of water in the machines.
Interestingly, one of Bélidor's other claims to fame was that he worked for a while on
calculating the arc, that is the curvature, of the earth, and the word arc as we've
seen is related to arrow.
Similarly the German illustrator and engraver Friedrich Bernhard Werner began to use arrows
to indicate the direction of the flow of rivers in his maps and illustrations.
And over time as the arrow symbol became more abstracted it could be put to more and more
uses.
In the 19th century English cartographer Emil Reich used triangular arrowheads along curved
lines to show the movement of troops on maps of battles that accompanied John Richard Green's
A Short History of the English People.
And in the 20th century arrows began to be used in logic and mathematical notation, such
as German mathematician David Hilbert's 1922 introduction of the arrow to indicate
logical implication, and a decade later Albrecht Becker's use of the double-headed arrow
to indicate logical equivalence.
And in 1976 mathematician Donald Knuth introduced up-arrow notation for indicating very large
numbers.
And in linguistics, angle brackets or the greater-than and less-than symbols can be
used as arrows to indicate etymological relationships indicating that a word or sound developed
into another over time.
And of course in this very video I've used the famed red arrow in the thumbnail, which
popular You Tube belief has it will increase the views of the video (we'll see if it
works).
So ultimately the arrow can be used as a symbol to indicate or point to something, to show
direction, or to represent some other type of relationship that at least metaphorically
has some sense of directionality to it.
So let's pause for a moment and consider the words symbol and metaphor.
Symbol comes, through Latin, from Greek symbolon "sign or token".
The word originally came to English with a religious context meaning "creed or religious
belief" as the Creed was a "mark" distinguishing Christians from pagans, only gaining its modern
senses of something that stands for something else in the late 16th century and of a written
character in the beginning of the 17th.
The Greek word is made up of two elements, syn "together" and bole "a throwing",
from the verb ballein "to throw".
So a symbol is literally "a throwing of things together", which thus came to mean
a "comparison" and therefore a "sign of whether something is genuine" or "outward
sign".
This idea of comparison is even more evident in the related word parable, which comes from
Greek parabole "juxtaposition or comparison", literally a "throwing beside".
And fittingly for our purposes, Greek ballein is related to the Greek word belos, which
means "arrow".
And from Greek belos we get the English word belomancy, which is a form of divination or
fortunetelling using arrows.
This was a common practise in a number of ancient civilizations including the Greeks,
the Babylonians, the Arabs and the Scythians, and could be performed in a number of ways,
such as tying possible answers to a given question to arrows and seeing which one flew
the farthest.
And this of course brings us back to fortunetelling again and that astrological symbol Sagittarius,
so let's take a quick look at the word fortune as all our arrows converge on the target.
Fortune comes from Latin fortuna meaning "chance, fate, good luck", which was also personified
as Fortuna the goddess of fate with her Wheel of Fortune.
The word fortuna is derived from another Latin word, fors meaning "chance or luck", which
seems to come from the Proto-Indo-European root *bher- "to carry", a root which also
gives us the English verb to bear and the Latin verb ferre "to carry".
So how then did a root meaning "to carry" produce a word meaning "chance or fate"?
Well if this etymology is correct it would be from the notion of "that which is brought",
so then fortune would literally mean "what fate brings".
And interestingly, that same Proto-Indo-European root also came into Greek as pherein "to
carry or bear" which when combined with meta meaning "over or across", leads to
the verb metapherein "to transfer or carry over", especially in the rhetorical sense
of transferring a word to a new sense, and the noun metaphora "transference".
So in a sense, the word metaphor is a metaphor, from physically carrying something across
to metaphorically carrying over a meaning.
And a metaphor is another type of comparison like a symbol.
So finally let's now return to the spatio-temporal metaphors I mentioned in the beginning, and
see how languages talk about time by comparing it to space.
Because the important thing to realise here is that metaphor is not just a literary technique,
but is in fact a way of thinking.
This was an idea most famously pioneered by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980
book Metaphors We Live By.
We use metaphor to map understanding from one more concrete domain of experience onto
another more abstract domain.
It's how we get around the problem of thinking about, and speaking about, abstractions.
For instance we borrow from the concrete experience of space to think and speak about time.
What's particularly interesting about this is that different cultures and languages use
different spatial metaphors to think and talk about time, a fact that in recent years has
been explored by cognitive scientists and linguists, such as Lera Boroditsky.
And as it turns out, that arrow of time can be pointed in a number of different directions.
For instance, if you were given a set of pictures that showed different temporal states, like
say a whole apple, an apple with a bite out of it, a half-eaten apple, and an apple core,
and were told to put them in order, if you're an English speaker you'll probably line
them up in front of you from left to right.
But if you're an Arabic speaker you'll probably lay them out right to left, so in
this case it seems that writing direction influences the direction of that arrow of
time, and this seems to hold true for many other languages as well.
These metaphors may even begin before literacy, given that even pre-literate children are
aware that the story in a picture book progresses from left to right as they are read to.
But they don't necessarily map onto other types of temporal thinking, or the language
we use to describe them—for instance, we would never say that Friday is to the left
of Saturday.
Instead, in that sort of situation, in English we use a front-back metaphor when speaking
of time: the past lies behind us and the future lies ahead, we think back on our past and
look forward to the future: Friday is before Saturday.
But the arrow can also point vertically, as Boroditsky found.
In Mandarin, the past can be viewed as up and the future as down.
So for instance the "up month" is "last month" and the "down month" is "next
month".
And when given the same task of ordering pictures, Mandarin speakers were much more likely to
arrange them in a vertical column in front of them.
Now all of these left-right, front-back, and up-down arrangements are relative to the body
of the person using the metaphor.
So in English when we talk about the future being ahead of us and the past behind, we're
using the sagittal plane, from that Latin word sagitta meaning "arrow".
But there are in fact other ways of arranging that arrow without reference to the body,
as Lera Boroditsky and Alice Gaby discovered.
In the languages of Pormpuraaw Australia, such as Kuuk Thaayorre, body-relative spatial
words aren't used but instead the cardinal directions, north, south, east, west.
You wouldn't, for instance refer to your right leg but to your north leg.
People who speak these languages have to always remain oriented in absolute space in order
to use their language.
And what's more, this carries over into their temporal reasoning as well.
When given that same task with the pictures, they would always arrange them east to west,
mirroring the course of the sun in the sky, so a row running left to right if they were
facing north, or a column top to bottom if facing east.
And there seem to be a variety of other shapes and spatial arrangements for time as well,
such as concentric, near and far, up and down hill, and so forth.
Now in English as we've seen, we're accustomed to talking about time in the sagittal axis,
back to front relative to our bodies, with the future in front of us and the past behind.
But this also isn't the only direction that arrow can point.
There are some languages that locate the past in front and the future behind, due to the
fact that we know what has already happened, but can't "see" the future.
This has long been suggested of Ancient Greek, with the word opiso meaning "backward"
in reference to space but "in the future" in reference to time.
A similar claim has been made of the Madagascar language Malagasy (according to Øyvind Dahl),
and other languages as well.
While there has been some criticism of these claims, Núñez and Sweetser very convincingly
demonstrated that this is the case in the South American language Aymara.
The nice thing about their research is that they draw not only on linguistic evidence
of this metaphor, but gestural evidence as well.
And there is one last issue relating to our spatio-temporal arrangements: how movement
is used to think about the passage of time.
One can think either of time moving, as if you are watching a river flow towards you,
as in "the holidays are approaching", or ego-moving, as if you yourself are moving along a path,
as in "we're rapidly coming to the end of the year".
In English, both of these metaphors are available, though this isn't necessarily true in all
languages.
And it turns out, you draw on spatial reasoning actively, so that if you are already predisposed
to thinking of yourself moving in space, by say going on a journey, you are more likely
to think of yourself moving through time.
This sort of thing can affect how we interpret ambiguous phrases such as the sentence "let's
move Wednesday's meeting back two days".
Does this mean the meeting is now on Monday or Friday?
It depends on whether you are thinking from a time-moving perspective or an ego-moving
perspective.
And as a final treat, I'll give you a very brief sampling of my own ongoing research
on spatio-temporal metaphor in Old English.
The full story is much more complex than this, but for now I'll just focus on a few words
meaning past, present, and future, specifically forðgewiten, andweard, and toweard.
Let's start with the word toweard which in terms of physical space can mean "facing,
approaching" or "towards, forwards" but when referring to time means "future",
so the toweard tid is future time, or in grammatical terms the "future tense" (though as we
know, English doesn't really have one of those!).
The word is made up of the elements to which means more or less what to does today, and
weard which means something like "turned toward" coming ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European
root *wert- "to turn".
We still have that element in modern English words like northward, and of course the word
toward itself.
The word andweard means "physically present" or "opposite, facing" and in reference
to time means "the present".
Literally it breaks down in to the elements and or ond meaning "against, opposite"
and that same weard meaning "turned".
And finally forðgewiten is the past participle of the verb forðgewitan "to go forward
or depart", with gewitan on its own meaning "depart".
That prefix forð means basically what you would expect from Modern English, "forth"
or "forward", so the directionality of forðgewiten is perhaps the opposite of what
we might have expected for a word referring to the past.
Forð on its own can be used in temporal senses as well, referring in those cases to a future
time, much like we would say henceforth in Modern English, or in compounds, such as forðweard
literally "forth-turned" used to mean "onward in time, henceforth, or in the future"
and forðgesceaft literally "forth-creation" used to mean "future state or condition".
Putting it all to together then, the future (toweard) is approaching or turned toward
time, the present (andweard) is physically present or turned against time, and the past
(forðgewiten) is the departing time.
And what this suggests is that the metaphor being used, in these words at least, is one
of arriving, being present, and departing.
There are of course a number of other spatial words used metaphorically to refer to time
in Old English, but this gives an idea of what is going on with some of the main ones.
What's important to note here is that the basic words used to refer to the three times
in Old English are different from those in Modern English which are borrowed from French,
ultimately from Latin, and are thus not native Germanic words.
So this raises some questions: do spatio-temporal metaphors change over time as language changes,
and if so how and why?
Well, I don't know the answers to those questions yet, but as time goes by along that
forward-pointing arrow, I hope to learn more — and I'll report back!
So,when you think about the future, where is it?
And are you moving toward it, or is it moving toward you?
Let me know in the comments, and tell me what language or languages you speak and how they
handle time.
Thanks for watching!
If you've enjoyed these etymological explorations and cultural connections, please subscribe,
& click the little bell to be notified of every new episode.
And check out our Patreon, where you can make a contribution to help me make more videos.
I'm @Alliterative on Twitter, and you can visit our website alliterative.net for more
language and connections in our podcast, blog, and more!
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Wiatrówka Gamo Fast Shot 10X IGT - Duration: 2:52.
For more infomation >> Wiatrówka Gamo Fast Shot 10X IGT - Duration: 2:52. -------------------------------------------
'Phong Cách Sống của Người Khá Giả' | Trung Quốc Không Kiểm Duyệt - Duration: 8:24.
New Zealand—the destination of choice
for fabulously wealthy Chinese.
After the United States, Australia, Thailand,
Canada, and the UK.
That's why I came to New Zealand.
To see all it has to offer!
My first stop was in Karaka.
I came to see this stunning, brand-new,
ultra-modern 4,000 square foot, luxury lifestyle home,
sitting on 10 acres of lush countryside.
With four sun-drenched bedrooms,
an expansive high-end kitchen,
and floor-to-ceiling windows.
Plus a heated saltwater pool complete with gas fireplace.
I couldn't wait to get the tour.
So what does a home like this go for?
Well this property is going to auction
and we would expect interest
at upwards of three million.
It is a brand new home,
it's only one and a half years old.
Everything's brand new here.
Wow.
Similar properties have sold in the
four to five million dollars around the area.
Four to five million dollars in the area?
Yes.
So it is a premium area in Karaka.
Is New Zealand still a hot property market for Chinese buyers?
I think New Zealand will always be
a hot property market for Chinese buyers
because of what it offers.
Why are they attracted to this area?
I think it's due to, well,
it's the beautiful environment that Karaka offers,
the lovely openness,
green pastures, fresh air.
There's a very good private school close by,
we do have quite a lot of Chinese people looking in the area.
How many homes in the area
are going to Chinese buyers?
Well, the Chinese buyers,
they've been in the market quite some time now.
I haven't got a percentage
but the last two properties that I've sold in Karaka
have been to Chinese buyers.
How have Chinese buyer affected the property market?
They've offered...
yeah, certainly they've offered competition for local buyers.
Has that affected the prices of the houses at all?
A little bit, yes, yes.
Yes, it has.
Turns out, more than a bit.
According to this report from the Economist,
New Zealand has the most unaffordable houses in the world.
Prices have jumped 75 percent in four years,
largely because of foreign buyers.
And the majority of those are Chinese.
Karaka was so nice that I was thinking of
becoming a foreign buyer myself.
But I couldn't spend all day lounging by
the heated saltwater pool.
I had more luxury homes to visit.
So I was off to Auckland, New Zealand's biggest city,
to check out one of its most sought-after neighborhoods.
I spoke with real estate agent Diana West.
She offered to show me a 3 million dollar suburban home.
It was...a different kind of luxury.
So this house will most likely go for over 3 million dollars?
Absolutely
And so what is the draw to a location like this?
Is it the stunning luxury lifestyle?
Well when you get rid of this and build your luxury home it will be.
But it's the location for the school zones,
you've got Auckland Grammar, Ipsen Girls Grammar,
so it's actually the land value here.
Because it's such, once you get rid of this house,
and build two luxury homes here,
they will be worth easily $3.5 million dollars each.
In this property market,
how many homes are going to Chinese buyers?
I'd say probably 80-90%.
80-90$?!
How has that affected the property prices?
Well it's driven them up hugely
because we've got an influx of population
and seemingly with a lot of funds available
and that has actually driven out a lot of the local buyers.
Has that caused resentment?
Yeah it does.
For a number of years in fact,
the local Kiwi people wouldn't come to auctions
because they said what's the point?
We're going to get beaten so yeah,
there has been resentment.
Okay, so 10 years ago
how much would a house like this have gone for?
Probably a million.
A million.
So prices have basically doubled.
Or tripled in this case.
Because what's happened in the meantime
was the council has changed all the zoning rules,
so you've got properties like this
that would have just been one house,
and now have the ability for multiple dwellings.
Are Chinese buyers still as interested in this market?
There has been a little cooling.
We find in general the Chinese are the first to get on the bandwagon
when they perceive there's a lot of growth in the market,
and then, in general,
they are the first to recede and start to become cautious
when they see the market plateauing
and that's what we believe we're doing at the moment.
The market is cooling a bit.
Yes it is, a little bit.
Do you think it will ever go back to the pricing of 10 years ago,
before the influx of Chinese buyers.
No, no there's just too much population pressure in Auckland.
Okay.
Particularly in these well sought after suburbs.
Trying to tackle this problem,
the government proposed new laws
regulating foreign buyers.
But Diana thinks its too little too late.
There are proposed laws
that would restrict foreign buyers.
Do you see that affecting the market?
No I don't,
I think it's a bit like shutting the gate
after the horse has bolted.
The real change we saw here
was when they brought in the Bright-Line Tax rules several years ago,
and that requirement was for people
to have a New Zealand bank account
and a New Zealand IRD number,
and that stopped a lot of the foreign speculation
happening from people who did not live here
because they couldn't comply with those rules.
And so that's when we stopped seeing all that happening.
So really, the people who have been buying
for the last couple of years
are generally resident or applying for residency.
So I don't see this ban on foreign ownership
having any difference at all.
I realized that to be able to afford property in New Zealand,
I would need to be fabulously wealthy
to be just moderately well off.
Which gives me an idea....
Welcome to Lifestyles of the Moderately Well Off!
Life is slightly better
for the fabulously wealthy in New Zealand.
Luxury pools
Luxurious lounges
Exotic animals
All on the doorstep of your 3 million dollar dream home.
Behold what the world has to offer
on Lifestyles of the Moderately Well Off!
So I might never be able to own
a luxury property in New Zealand.
But you know what?
Even without a house,
I can still enjoy the moderately well off lifestyle.
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Thôi Anh Hãy Về Đi - Như Hoa | Sáng Tác: Vinh Sử (OFFICIAL) - Duration: 4:29.
For more infomation >> Thôi Anh Hãy Về Đi - Như Hoa | Sáng Tác: Vinh Sử (OFFICIAL) - Duration: 4:29. -------------------------------------------
Learn Colors with PACMAN and 3D M&M Chocolate for Kids & Children - Duration: 2:00.
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Toy Guns NERF Guns Toy Weapons Zombie
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Male & Female MUTOs Attack Scene | Godzilla (2014) Movie Clip 4K (+Subtitles) - Duration: 4:59.
Brace!
Hold your fire.
Hold your fire.
Holy shit.
Oh, shit!
- Hold on! - Watch out!
Fire! Fire! Fire!
Look out!
Get down! Get down in your seats!
Please! Get down!
Get out of the way! Get out of the way!
Hey!
Move out! Move, move, move!
Striker! There's civilians on the bridge. Hold your fire!
Open fire!
Move! Move!
- All right, get in there! - Prepare to arm the device!
Ready! You got it?
I'm all set.
Arming keys!
Three! Two! One!
What the hell was that?
EMP.
Engine's stopped! We lost power!
- You all right? - Yeah.
- Fire! - Incoming!
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New Nail Art 2018 💄😱 The Best Nail Art Designs Compilation 2018 | Part 52 - Duration: 10:45.
Thank you for watching!
Hope you have a great time!
Please, Like, Comment and Subscribe for more!
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Benefit Of Onion - Health Benefits Put Sliced Onion On Your Foot Overnight - Duration: 3:28.
Benefit Of Onion - Health Benefits Put Sliced Onion On Your Foot Overnight
if you have not yet subscribed then first subscribe to my channel press the
bell button to get latest updates from how do onion is one of the must to have
garnishing ingredients in every kitchen well onions are not just flavor
enhancers free or keulen Airy delights these also help to cure several diseases
as well well don't be surprised you heard it right it is a fact that has
been proved by several studies conducted all over the world the pungent smell
their onions emit might not be too appealing for all but once you learn the
health benefits that come along with it probably you will ignore the smell and
take it up for its benefits onions are rich in sulfur compounds and
are well known for antibacterial antiviral and anti-inflammatory
properties it is for these medicinal properties onions are being used since
ancient times to heal a lot of infections all that one needs to ghost
take a sliced onion and place it at the bottom of the foot overnight using socks
or if one wants to make sure that it does not move around while you are
asleep it can be wrapped around using it
plastic before wearing socks it is safe to be used in children as well
it is a recorded fact that this method was widely used during the spread of
plague in England to prevent toxic poisoning take a look these health
benefits put sliced onion on your foot overnight one helps cubicles if you have
been suffering from bad cold then this method will be useful take a slice of
onion put it on your foot using socks keep it overnight
this helps cue cold instantly to earache if you are suffering from your ache than
putting a slice of onion at the bottom of your foot overnight helps in
providing relief
three helps to get rid of toxins from the body
placing onion slices on the bottom of the foot helps in absorbing the toxins
from the body and aids in taking off the stomach acids and provides relief for
cure swollen glands when you have swollen glands make it a point to use
this onion therapy put a slice of onion on the foot overnight and you will see
how it cures the swollen glands if you liked the video and give it a thumbs up
and share it with your friends if you want more recipes home remedies and tips
subscribe to the channel don't forget to subscribe my channel click the bell
button to get notified directly for latest updates
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Burger Chef Best Cooking Game 🌟 New Android Game 2018 - Duration: 2:29.
Burger Chef Best Cooking Game New Android Game 2018
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6 Ways To SUPERCHARGE Your Energy Levels (WARNING: Not For Everyone!) - Duration: 13:07.
Six ways to supercharge your energy levels.
Warning: this is not for everyone.
Techniques to boost your energy may come as no surprise.
You may think you only had to sleep well,
to eat well, or exercise.
And some of you might even go the extra mile
to optimize your environment, whether by organizing
your room, infusing it with essential oils,
removing distractions, and eliminating toxins!
You may think these are already comprehensive,
but for you diehard energy architects out there,
the list of energy-boosting strategies can go on.
And that's what I'll talk about in this video:
lesser-known secrets about how to take your energy
from amazing, to supercharged.
As some of you already know, we talk a lot about ways
to increase your energy levels here at Activated Potential.
And you might have actually seen a number of other videos!
Well, guess what?
We're not done.
Today, we'll talk some more ways to boost your energy.
But this time, the techniques I'll share
are not for the faint of heart.
Unlike the techniques I've shared in other videos,
these ones are fairly advanced.
In fact, some of you might even consider them to be extreme!
Still, I have a good feeling about this.
I think many of you will still want to give these a shot.
I'll share six ways for you to take it up a notch,
to tap into energy levels
you've never dreamed to be possible.
So are you ready to rev up your engines
and supercharge to the max?
Let's begin!
Number one, long fasts.
Coming in at number one, we have long, long fasts.
How long is long?
For long fasts, they're at least 36 hours.
And I'm not talking about some fat fast,
where you can still consume calorically rich fats.
Nor am I talking about some pretty little juice fast,
where you can still sip fancy little juices!
No, I'm talking about a hardcore,
honest-to-goodness water fast.
No food, no fancy drinks, no nothing.
Just plain water, period.
For at least 36 hours.
So you might ask,
"Why is fasting good for our energy levels?"
I know that seems highly counterintuitive.
When you think of fasting, you probably associate that
with starving, and the image of hunger and fatigue
cannot escape your mind.
But the reality couldn't be further from the truth.
These days, many people are acquainting themselves
with intermittent fasting, and with good success.
They're enjoying boosts of energy!
And while I'm a big fan of intermittent fasting
and even practice it myself, I still think
that occasional long fasts have their place.
And they're effective especially when you want
tremendous boosts in energy.
Okay, so how do we actually get energy from fasting?
There are many factors that could come into play.
The most obvious one, of course, is ketosis.
Have you tried a ketogenic diet?
I'm sure many of you have.
You experienced the energy-boosting
effects of ketones, right?
But there is more to fasting than just that.
One of the biggest factors is the role that fasting plays
in adaptive cellular responses.
These responses can actually optimize your metabolism!
Furthermore, they provide a number of other health benefits,
like decreased inflammation levels,
which in turn could help energize you even more.
In fact, there are numerous other factors
that could be contributing to your energy surges.
Too many to go over in this video.
So please just let me know in the comments below
if you want a video that discusses fasting
in even greater detail!
Let me close off this segment on fasting just by quoting
a manuscript from Longo and Mattson,
published in the journal Cell Metabolism:
"Indeed, a highly conserved behavioral trait of all mammals
is to be active when hungry, and sedentary when satiated."
Number two, nootropics
Next are nootropics.
Nootropics are substances that enhance cognitive function.
Now, many different substances can be called nootropics,
but people debate about what true nootropics are.
You have things like modafinil and racetams,
which are generally accepted as nootropics.
Then you have things like vitamins and magnesium.
They have nootropic effects in that they can increase
your cognitive function,
but some argue that they're just, you know,
just supplements that you can't label as nootropics.
Another candidate on the list of nootropics is adderall,
which can enhance certain aspects of cognitive function:
mainly focus, energy and motivation.
But again, not everyone agrees that they be labeled
as nootropics, because they can actually harm your body.
So as you can see, not everyone agrees!
But for the purposes of this video,
when I refer to nootropics, I'm talking about
all substances that can enhance cognitive function.
And the ones I want to focus on today
are the ones that can enhance your energy levels.
And they do so by varying degrees.
The most potent ones are Modafinil,
Adderall and Phenylpiracetam.
These are very stimulating and might not be for everyone!
They should be used with extreme caution.
Other nootropics enhance energy levels in gentler,
perhaps more passive ways.
Such as by increasing your motivation
or helping you get into a more focused state of mind.
And finally, there are also certain nootropics
that could actually deplete your energy!
Such as Bacopa.
So definitely be careful when selecting the one for you.
If used correctly though, nootropics can certainly boost
your energy to the next level.
Like these tips so far?
If so, before moving on, I'd like to quickly introduce you
to the Ultimate Energy Crash Course!
Your free copy awaits you at activatedbody.com,
and you can find the link right below this video.
The course will provide you with even more tips
on not only how to gain more energy,
but also how to stay more focused
and live your best possible life.
So claim your copy today!
Number three, tDCS.
Next is tDCS.
It sounds deceptively short and simple.
But it actually stands for something
far from short and simple.
Ready for it?
tDCS stands for transcranial direct-current stimulation.
But let's do ourselves a favor and just call it tDCS.
tDCS is a process whereby electrodes are attached
to your head, and a small current is used
to stimulate certain areas of your brain.
Yikes, sounds scary, right?
But don't worry, your brain won't get electrocuted.
The current used is low, and the procedure is very safe.
There are many forms of neurostimulation,
but this one is probably the most effective,
and it's so safe that it can be used at home!
Many people already do.
They use it to improve their cognitive functioning,
but also of course their energy levels!
What's more, promising studies have shown that tDCS
has potential benefits in treating a number of diseases,
such as Parkinson's.
So the future for tDCS is bright.
It's becoming more and more available to the general public,
and it's rising in popularity.
I think we'll see a definitive rise
in the number of tDCS users in the coming years.
Number four, LLLT.
The fourth energy booster is yet another form
of neurostimulation: Low Level Laser Therapy, or LLLT.
LLLT is safer, though probably less effective than tDCS.
In LLLT, you direct certain types of low-level lasers
or LEDs onto your body.
It has been used in medicine to treat pain,
but many people also use it in the same way they use tDCS.
They direct the lasers onto specific parts of their head
to stimulate certain parts of the brain.
As with tDCS, there is a considerable amount of anecdotal
evidence supporting its ability to enhance
cognitive function and boost energy levels.
Number five, TRT.
At number five is something
for all you older adults out there.
And that is testosterone replacement therapy,
or TRT for short.
When we get older,
our testosterone levels drop considerably.
The results are lower energy levels.
Fortunately, you can supplement with testosterone
to bring your levels back up to where they were
when you were just in your 20s!
This practice is called TRT.
TRT can provide a number of health and energy-boosting
effects to both men and women,
and it can truly transform people's lives.
Testosterone can be administered
as pills, creams, or injections.
However, TRT should always be done with a doctor's
supervision, as it will affect your hormones.
But if you go to an anti-aging doctor
and are medically supervised,
it can truly change your life and health for the better.
I recommend that anyone over the age of 40,
or anyone showing signs of low testosterone
talk to their doctor about TRT.
I plan on using TRT when I get older,
and I think you should consider it as well.
Number six, cerebral-electric stimulation.
Now for the final item on our list,
we have another scary-sounding one:
cerebral-electric stimulation.
This is a process whereby your brain is stimulated
with electricity while you're sleeping!
To do this, you need an electrosleep device.
The device is placed on your head, and it provides
your brain with electrical support
to help you get more quality, energizing sleep.
The cool thing is that this also means
you might even need to sleep less!
But let me insert a word of warning:
you can't use the electrosleep device too often.
That's because our glymphatic system still needs time
to clear the waste from our central nervous system
while we sleep.
But for those times where you know you'll be getting little
sleep, then this device can prove to be a real life-saver!
So there you have it:
six ways you can supercharge your energy levels.
Before I end, please let me take another quick moment
to invite you to the Ultimate Energy Crash Course.
To download your free copy, just visit activatedbody.com.
I've talked about how to optimize energy levels
on so many of my YouTube videos, including this one,
and some of these tips will be there in this crash course.
But you'll also have access to all sorts of other hacks
that will optimize your biology, your nutrition,
and even your environment.
And each one of them is aimed at helping you
realize your full potential.
If you're ready to live your best life possible,
download your free copy now.
Again, you can go to activatedbody.com,
or just click on the link below this video.
And as always, I've had a ton of fun
sharing my energy hacks with you.
Just talking about them energizes me!
And the reason for that is because I get so excited
about how many of you out there will discover energy levels
you probably didn't think were possible.
But when this happens, I'd love for you to get back to me.
Leave a comment, share your experience, tell me how it goes!
And if you have any questions now,
don't hesitate to ask as well.
I will personally respond in the comment section
below this video.
And one more thing.
If you liked this video, please subscribe to my channel.
I'd love to see you again, and we'll work together
to activate your highest potential.
See you later!
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海贼王：上一任世界第一大剑豪？这3个人最有可能！1个已成为传说 - Duration: 5:36.
For more infomation >> 海贼王：上一任世界第一大剑豪？这3个人最有可能！1个已成为传说 - Duration: 5:36. -------------------------------------------
Adventure Escape Haunted Hunt Chapter 8 - FINAL. - Duration: 24:42.
For more infomation >> Adventure Escape Haunted Hunt Chapter 8 - FINAL. - Duration: 24:42. -------------------------------------------
Breaking News Today⚠️World War 3 US Navy warships sailed near island claimed by China_Latest news - Duration: 2:18.
breaking news today
welcome to USA breaking news today please subscribe and click notification
box to get all breaking news alert breaking news today China latest u.s.
Navy warships sailed near Island claimed by China escalating tensions tensions
between China and the u.s. escalated after American warships sailed near a
group of islands in the disputed South China Sea Chinese warships confronted
the US Navy as President Donald Trump is trying to make peace with North Korea
the hotly contested region is rich in fossil fuels which China depends on to
supply its booming economy with cheap energy China's current operations in the
region has been condemned by Washington for trying to take control of the
strategically important seas despite the naval drill being planned months in
advance it comes at a sensitive time as the Pentagon had uninvited China from a
major US hosted naval drill dot the Higgins guided missile destroyer and the
Antietam guided missile cruiser came within 12 nautical miles of the Paracel
Islands according to an American official who only spoke on the condition
of anonymity the parasail Islands are part of a territorial dispute that China
has with neighboring countries one official said the u.s. military vessels
conducted mono you verse near the Lincoln Triton tree and woody islands in
the Paracels the Chinese defense ministry blasted the u.s. saying they
violated China's sovereignty dotted said in a statement the move contravene
Chinese in relevant international law seriously infringed upon Chinese
sovereignty and harmed strategic mutual trust between the two militaries in
another statement by China's foreign ministry it told the u.s. to stop such
military exercises it added China will continue to take all
necessary measures to defend the country's sovereignty and security China
has accused Washington of viewing Beijing in Cold War terms dot chiefs
from the Pentagon have continuously accused China of building up at military
power in the South China Sea to gain control of oil and gas rich region huge
amounts of shipping sales through the region on toward sea port in North and
South America dot thanks for watch please share like comment this video and
subscribe channel for latest news
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Showme x Quizzee - Тоник - Duration: 3:31.
For more infomation >> Showme x Quizzee - Тоник - Duration: 3:31. -------------------------------------------
Korean boy band BTS tops Billboard 200 - Duration: 2:33.
K-Pop group BTS opened a new road for K-POP music.
This week, the boy band topped the Billboard 200, a chart ranking America's most popular
album of the week.
Hong Yoo highlight the significance of this feat, a first by Korean artists.
South Korean boy band BTS set a new K-pop record this week, reaching the top of the
Billboard 200.
Their new album "Love Yourself: Tear" became the first Korean album to rank first on that
U.S. chart.
Still, they're not the first K-Pop artists to make the Billboard.
That title belongs to the Wonder Girls, who hit the charts in 2009.
And in 2012, Psy of "Gangnam Style" fame reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100.
But the only one to make it to the top is BTS.
Not only did they sell the most albums and tracks this week, but for their online activity,
they also won "Top Social Artist" for the second year in a row at the 2018 Billboard
Music Awards.
This was the first time a South Korean artist has won a Billboard music award twice.
There are reasons why it was BTS that wrote a new chapter in K-Pop history.
"Their main difference with other K-Pop artists is that BTS made their way to the top step
by step, already having a fanbase.
They won more fans based on their music, and due to that fandom, BTS was able to make it
into the U.S. Language is no longer a limit in the global
market."
This was the first time in 12 years an album not in English reached this level.
That BTS sings mostly in Korean... clearly isn't a problem for their fans.
I love them so much.
It's really amazing that they came from a non-victory company but could come this far.
It gave so much people hope.
So I don't feel like we are fans and idols but we feel like a big family together.
Their song always includes social issues that many people can relate so much to the song
that they sing in their album.
BTS found a way to reach a global audience with their songs and opened a whole new avenue
for K-pop.
With so much momentum, eyes are on what they'll contribute next to the world of K-pop and
beyond.
Hong Yoo, Arirang News.
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First Alert Weather - Duration: 1:56.
For more infomation >> First Alert Weather - Duration: 1:56. -------------------------------------------
Views differ on how long North Korea's disarmament process could take - Duration: 1:57.
There are various political and technical factors to be taken into account when it comes
to the timetable for North Korea's denuclearization.
Some are confident the process could require just a couple of years,... while others say
at least 15.
Park Hee-jun turned to some experts for their analysis.
Views differ about how long it could take for North Korea to denuclearize.
Some experts say it could take well over a decade.
Professor Siegfried Hecker of Stanford University, who's a former director of the Los Alamos
weapons laboratory in New Mexico,... told the New York Times that the disarmament process
would require at least 15 years.
According to a roadmap drawn up with his colleagues at Stanford's Center for International Security
and Cooperation,... denuclearization would happen in three stages.
Step 1 involves halting nuclear tests and all operations at nuclear reactors and related
facilities.
Step 2 is the dismantling of missiles and nuclear facilities,... which would then have
to be monitored and inspected.
Finally, in the third step, North Korea eliminates its nuclear program and joins the non-proliferation
treaty,... redirecting its nuclear scientists and engineers to civilian programs.
The last step alone would take a decade,... meaning a total of more than 15 years.
But other experts say the process could end much more quickly... if the North is determined
to do it.
"I think it's possible for North Korea to denuclearize within President Trump's remaining
years in office,... as long as it chooses to.
And it's likely to,... because the U.S. only ease its sanctions and protect the regime
when it does."
"President Trump has set his own timetable for the North's denuclearization.
If North Korea follows through with the plan until it's no longer a threat to the U.S.,...
it could take maybe two-and-a-half to three-and-a-half years."
So rather than the technological issues of nuclear disarmament,... the main factor could
be North Korea's will and sincerity.
Park Hee-jun, Arirang News.
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